Strategy and Innovation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategy and Innovation - Research Paper ExampleThe McDonalds vision, mission as well as the objectives are strategic and focus people customers and employees, price, products, promotion, and place. The corporations values are offering quality customer service, commitment to people, and balance between the interests of the owners, suppliers, and employees, upholding ethics, community service, and continued growth as well as improvements. Her vision revolves around becoming the worlds leading restaurant in quick service. This is by offering the best service, value, and cleanliness with an aim of satisfying her customers. The corporations main aim or better still objective is along with serving viands industry responsibly, to be responsible as regards the caring for a sustainable future for all. These are aligned with the community, employment, environmental care, food chain responsibility and ascertaining nutritional well-being to all. By targeting the community, the corporation is engaged in community service and charitable organization. On the employment portfolio, the lodge aims at continuously expanding through which to a greater extent opportunities for employment will be available, both locally as well as through online participation. By adopting energy friendly systems in her corporations, the McDonalds seeks to increase on energy usage for sustainability. It also upholds innovation and adoption of quality energy practices in sharing. The corporation aims at continuously designing and developing sore food recipes which are healthy for her clients. It also aims at expanding advocacy on good nutrition habits through campaigns. Furthermore, in maintaining sustainable supply chains, the corporation ensures victorian relations with the supply chain as well as the constituent parties (McDonalds, 2009, 1-6). The annual report on investors for the year 2010 reveals a fabulous performance of the high society despite the many challenges she faced just like all other firms and especially those in a like industry of the fast foods. By managing deeper insights for customers and worthy alignment of McDonalds business strategies, the CEO says that a 5% rise in comparable sales was realized, 9% growth in operating income and the companys overall market share around the globe increased. By upholding proper prioritization for the relevance of the firms brand and focusing sharply on the customers, the firm managed to keep on top in the year. However, as the CEO puts it, it was the same focus that was to be employed for the following year,

Civil Rights Movement Was Slow Between 1955-68 Essay Example for Free

Civil Rights Movement Was Slow Between 1955-68 EssayExplain why the civil rights doing was dense between 1955-68 The civil rights movement was softened between 1955-68 for multiple reasons, these being the falling out of Malcolm X and Martin Luther power along with the Civil rights groups splitting and ever-changing their tactics between violent protest or peaceful protest which consequently lead to them being less effective. Also Presidential action could be said to be lacking therefor acts to improve civil rights werent passed or were unaffected. One reason that the civil rights movement was slow was repayable to Eisenhowers stance on the topic during his presidency (1953-1961). Eisenhower believed that the position of the ominous people would improve of its own accord over time. In this sense he did non think that it was the governments job to improve conditions for black people. We can see this form his reaction in regards to Little rock private road and his vacilla tion to become involved with it.This is a reason why the civil rights movement was slow because the president was unwilling to pass civil rights laws to change the situation of the blacks due to his belief that it would change in their favour in time. Also because of conflict between Malcolm and King the two main black men that were leading the camping siteaign the African Americans were side tracked, essentially forgetting their main aim racial equality. Malcolm X was very critical of Martin Luther King calling him the Twentieth century Uncle Tom and bind around rumours that he was being paid by the white government to preach Christian love and forgiveness which was all in aid of preventing the black people from effectively reacting for their freedom. This conflict would not achieve anything for the black power movement because it could potentially divide public opinion.People who supported King may take lost some faith if they believed there could be any truth that he was real ly working with the white American government, whereas the camp who were following X may have felt a sense of divide between them and the people who liked Kings ideals. The reason why this wasnt liberation to help the black power movement is that the African Americans needed to fight together to gain equality but their fight was being split into their fight for this and for whos leader was strongest. A final reason as to why the progress for civil rights was slow was because the civil right groups split and were no overnight co-operating with each other. CORE and the SNCC took a stance closer to that of Xs beliefs. They became more violent unlike the NAACP who stuck topeaceful protest.The problem that this created the civil rights movement is that they atomic number 18 now sending the government mixed messages and are not helping their cause. Also staging violent protest didnt seem any manner near as effective. Because the government and the media generally seemed weighted to th e whites side, violence of black was blown out of proportion and shown as propaganda as to why the blacks shouldnt have power on equal terms with whites. This would mean that blacks wouldnt be taking steps on the right direction because they would be setting themselves up for a fall in public opinion, something which needed to be on their side for them to gain equality.In conclusion the civil right gains between 1955-68 were slow due to the fact that there was conflict between the blacks who were fighting over the best way to gain their goal when there focus should have been all on trying to get this goal. They were side tracked and this proved detrimental giving their reputation further dents, even if there are minor positives amidst the movement along with the fact that the resident werent too focused on helping the civil rights movement.

Scope of Practice for Regisers Nurses Essay Example for Free

Scope of Practice for Regisers Nurses EssayThe convention states that registrants of CRNBC may practise nursing. Nursing is defined as the health profession in which a person provides the following services Health care for promoting, maintaining and restoring health Prevention, treatment and palliation of illness and injury, primarily by assessing health status, planning and implementing interventions, and coordinating health services This definition does not refer to evaluation, but neither does it exclude it. Evaluation is, of course, an important part of nursing practice.The Regulation does not refer to education, administration and research in the scope of practice statement for nurses or any other health professionals in B. C. However, CRNBCs professional person Standards make it clear that clinical practice, education, administration and research are all considered part of the practice of registered nursing. College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia 5 Scope of Practice

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Ids Information Technology Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Ids Information Technology EssayAlthough IDS is a useful addition to ensure security, it does well on some points, but at that place ar still some limitations with it. Table 5.1 summaries some the strengths and weaknesses of IDS.StrengthsWeaknessesMonitoring user behaviors and ashes event logs.Detection but not prevention.Testing the system configrutions of hosts. fake positive detections.Setting up baseline for the security state of a system, and tracking any changes to that baseline.False prohibit detections.Protecting against cognise threats.Spoofing onslaughts.Recognizing patterns of activity that be abnormal.Cannot automatically investigating attacks without human intervention.Centralized management.Delays of signature tune update.Alerting to beguile administrators with appropriate means.Easier to perform security monitoring functions for non-security experts.Table 5.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of IDS.Monitoring user behaviors and system event logs One of the strengths of IDS is that it provides ability to monitor the system event logs of every host, which find administrators to be aw are when any changes on the hosts. They sack also engage this nurture collected by IDS to analyze user behaviors, thereby planning the security strategy and policies for their organizations accordingly.Testing the system configrutions of hosts IDS are also able to adjudicate the security states for every host, when the system is configured below par or a baseline, it snappys to administrators which host is set below a security level. Thus, administrators roll in the hay make further configurations for that host.Setting up baseline for the security state of a system, and tracking any changes to that baseline With IDS, administrators can set up their own aspect as a security baseline. Based on that baseline, IDS keeps tracking the differences and changes on the hosts, allowing administrators to befool all hosts in the same security level they expect.Protecting against known threats The Signature detection techniques make IDS to protect systems and networks well against known threats. It ensures recognizing patterns of system events that compare to the known threats.Recognizing patterns of activity that are abnormal When a new attack does not exist in known threat signatures, IDS has Anomaly detection techniques for it. This technique is good at comparing system activities or network transaction against a baseline to indentify abnormal behaviors, recognizing new attacks that Signature detection techniques miss.Centralized management IDS provides a centralized management for administrators easier to change logging mechanisms, perform software program upgrade, collecting alarm information and updating security setting etc. Many IDS products even have a very simple menu to have the configuration of IDS set up, which helps administrators a lot to monitors a numerous of networks and hosts.Alerting to appropria te administrators with appropriate means Based on scan and match principle, IDS eternally send alerts to appropriate people by appropriate means. Administrators can decide who should receive the alerts and define different activates they want to be alerted. These appropriate meaning of messages to appropriate people can be more effective and efficient to an organization.Easier to perform security monitoring functions for non-security experts Many IDS products now already provide basic information security policies, plus easy configuration, allowing non-security expert to perform security monitoring functions for their organizations as well. This is also a strength that makes IDS to a success.On the contrary, there are some weaknesses have been suggested as shown in Table 5.1.Detection but not prevention IDS concentrate on detection method but not prevention, it is a passive activity. It is sometimes too late to detect an intrusion, especially now some attacks are transporting ve ry fast on the current extravagantly speed networks, when IDS sends a alert to administrators, the actual situation whitethorn be worse.False positive detections The detection capabilities of IDS can be defined in 4 measures True positive, False positive, True ostracize and False negative. Figure 5.3 illustrates the differences of them. True positive indicates that the actual attacks are identified by IDS correctly True negative indicates that IDS is identified correctly that are not attacks False positive indicates that IDS is identified incorrectly as true attacks but actually that are not real attacks False negative indicates that IDS is identified incorrectly as not attacks but actually that are attacks.Figure 5.3 Measures of IDSIDS much generate too many fake positives, due to the inaccurate assumptions. One example is looking for the length of URLs. Typically, a URL is only around 500 bytes length, assuming that an IDS is configured to trigger an alert for denial of ser vice attack when the length of a URL is exceed 1000 bytes. False positive could be occurred from some complex web pages that are common to store a large content now. The IDS is not making mistake, the algorithm is just not perfect. In order to reduce False positives, administrators impoverishment to tune the assumptions of how to detect attacks in an IDS, but which is time consuming.False negative detections False negatives are also a weakness of IDS, hackers now can encode an attack file to be unsearchable by IDS. For example, cgi-bin/attack.cgi is defined as a signature in an IDS, but the file is encoded to be cg%39-b%39n/a%39tt%39 by the hackers. While cg%39-b%39n/a%39tt%39 is not defined in the signature files, the attack will pass without any notice, then a False negative occurs.Spoofing attacks Hackers can utilize spoofing attacks to blind the administrators. For example, hackers can use one of the IP in a network to make many False positive detections, administrators may t hen set the IDS to ignore local traffic for this IP, after then hackers start the real attacks.Cannot automatically investigating attacks without human intervention Even IDS can detect most of the attacks in the hosts and networks, but it still need administrators to investigate and perform reaction. Hackers can utilize this weakness of IDS to perform an attack, for instance, a hacker can make a large of attacks to host A, since IDS is not able to analyze all the attacks automatically by itself, administrators needs to spend time to investigate each alarm from host A. Thus, the hacker may have more time to make a real attack to host B.Delays of signature update IDS swan on its signature database to detect a known intrusion, IDS products typically updating the signature database by the IDS vendors. The potential problem is the delay of signature update patch, IDS vendors often take a long time to identify a new attack and finish an update patch. However, even IDS vendors provide t he most update signature as soon as they can. It is still a time period that the IDS are not able to identify a new attack in front updating the signature database.

Business Plan for Record Label

Business Plan for Record scarBusiness PlanningIntroduction to unit eight course batIn this unit, I brace the opportunity to structure a avocation devise for a dividing line proposal, which I allow devote the opportunity to create. For this segment of the assignment, I go forth clarify the main activities of the argumentation, in addition to its learns and nonsubjectives. The assignment go a expressive style alike be focusing on the merchandising and fiscal computer programmening of my chosen vexation, nonwithstanding, the trading operations and financial planning of the proposed personal line of computer address proposal. At the end of it all, I pass on be evaluating my ph cardinal line and its viability.However, to cancel a championship I exit film a contrast plan. A melodic phrase plan is essentially a plan of a teleph one line that is to be enc striahe up this is usually a written piece of statement ab away the task (think of it as a blueprint). This is a useful text file to fork up because prototypally, it outlines the backing itself and outlines what the headache is essentially about, and secondly, it allows the proprietor/manager of the tune to work towards the success of the backing by spotting and avoiding failures.In general, a bloodline plan leave sire the following statements what the headache is all about (i.e. the nature of the bloodline), the reckons and physical objects of the trading (What they hope to come across and expect in the future) and how the individual plans and volition o about creating the credit line. This shadow be illustrated in a study(ip)ity of guidances withal a financial planning of the material body one six months or perhaps regular a year would be ideal or information about how the investments argon to be raised for the business.A business plan is a very(prenominal) indispens adapted piece of document to hire if manyone is considering bugger offing their own business , this is because a business plan outlines/predicts what the business go away be like after setting up that gives a clear understanding of how the makes and intention atomic number 18 to be obtained as well as defining them. Furtherto a greater extent, a business plan allow also up coincide to plot any pitfall along the flair, i.e. a detailed change in emanate of a businesss first six months will be able to declargon oneself if the business will make water a higher embody when comp bed with the lolly they make, even before the business has started, and this can prevent major loss of profitability. non whole does a business plan outlines and spots major f polices in the business, besides many businesses and entrepreneurs use it as a source of motivation a backdrop to compare their cur plight performance a chance onst. Further adding more, a business plan would be skillful to establish or to re-evaluate the businesss competitive position inside the grocery place by conducting a thorough analysis of the competition. This would involve go oning out the strengths and weaknesses of the competition and how the business can be taken prefer of.In conclusion, as mentioned above, a business plan is important for a business because it attentions to clarify the vision of the business and regulate whether to forge ahead with the idea. Without a business plan, it would be very difficult to convince external investors to invest the business. non only that, a business plan will also friend the business determine their hind end market that they call for to aim their product at, which is eer useful to know.The Business ProposalFor my chosen business proposal, I take on defined to create a medical surplusty try, and bring on named it P.K. Media. Generally, the term Record commemorate is roundthing that is associated with the unison attention. A Record judge is a brand and a trademark, which is associated with the procedure of marketing and d istributing harmonyal enrollings and music videos of their signed artists. A draw and quarter in label is also the follow that manages the artists/ mountains and coordinates, manufactures, promotes and distributes their productions i.e. music/videos. Record labels are also creditworthy for the enforcement of copyright protection on the media that they distribute a great deal(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as CDs and DVDs, so that their inwardness ( such(prenominal) as music), can non be copied and exchange as pirated versions of their work to the clients by separate individuals.The business I intend to propose will primarily focus on the production and the promotion of the music of its artists/bands in the topical anesthetic vault of heaven, the Midlands. The crusade for this is that in that posture is a much lower salute of setting up a music label for the local area as there are slight promotional activities which the label would perplex to finance and carr y out, thus reducing the start up cost of the business compared to if it was a nationwide business.The main inspection and repair/products that P.K. Media will provide to its consumers and music acts are as follow* Music sold using online operate such as iTunes and the business website. Some music will be available for free transfer as a promotional activity.* Provide lead performances by its artists and bands as a secondary service.o Commissions from artist will be guided on this, depending the bar of tickets sold by the act.* Offer promotional services for unsigned artist and band acts and charge commission depending on their popularity, music sold, the amount of disposition deal they receive etceterao Free promotional services will also be available for unsigned artists on the businesss website for uploading their work to display to the net audiences.o Manufacturing CDs and DVDs will also be available for artists wishing to use for promotional use, however it is passin g likely that there will be a fixed cost for this service.* Record deals will be available for artists majority of the aforementioned services will available with this, as the business will undertake the sole business for the promotion, distribution, production and the sales of the artist/bands music signed to P.K. Media.* Recording facilities and staff office will be available to customers who wish to eternize their own music that will be mixed by a professional studio engineer. Customers will be charged on an hourly basis or perhaps special offers upon depending upon how much music they wish to track record.Live performance are a corking way of raising additional profit several(predicate)wise than merchandising CDs because with live performances, My business can charge commission from the local pubs/bars to supplement the live performances with beverages, as a result the pubs and bars will also get around promotion of their products and services which will benefit the ir businesses as well. Furthermore, the business will also be able to make profit through with(predicate) and through exchange tickets for the live performances. The location of this business will be varied and may not be based in a single location, the reason creation that if my business is organising the performances, so it will gravel to be located at the performances to manage the bands and opposite aspects of the performance i.e. selling the tickets. However, P.K. Media will bespeak facilities to record the band/artists music and venues for live performances, for this it will be a necessity to overhear portal to a recording studio and to be able to rent a venue in the local area. Having access to a studio can be done in a number of ways such as renting a recording studio in the local area or purchasing the equipment and setting up the recording studio at understructure or other location, such as a youth snapper or other rented location like flats or houses. The c ost of the musical equipment such as mixing boards, computers, mics, instruments, audio processing hardware and sound proofing the location can add up to a solid amount and as a new business the cost of starting up should be unbroken at a minimum. Ultimately, a more convenient option would be to rent a recording studio, which is pre-provided with all the equipment needed (as described above). another(prenominal) aftermath which may arise would be that if my business had to purchase the musical equipment I would pass on to purchase the low-end equipment as the high-end (studio quality) equipment can cost thousands and upwards and as a small independent music label there would be limitations for the finance. In addition, the low-end equipment could also reduce the quality of the recording, and as a record label that will not be beneficial for the artists because consumers would not want to purchase bad quality products especially if the product is aimed at entertainment purposes . Imagine minding to ones favorite(a) song with hissing noisiest, crackle and static noises, it would not be pleasant to listen to which is wherefore quality of the audio is a substantial element of a record label.Reason for choice of business?The idea of a record label delighted me because with a record label, there is no need to purchase stock it is a service-based business, which closes that a record label does not have to manufacture or purchase anything other than to sign the artist and record CDs. A record label is basically, the intermediate service between audiences/customers and the artist. In essence, term the artist makes the product, the record label simply delivers it to the customers, al nigh like an intermediary.Another thing which turn backmed interesting is that the possibility of a sole ownership of the business. Since a record label is a service-based business, it is not necessary to have partners (as with any other businesses). It can be set-up with a sli ghtly low cost, which mean that there is no need to invite external investors to invest in the business and hold a percentage of shares in the business, leaving room for more creative deem over the business.Personal interest is another factor that may have influenced my choice to pick a record label for a business proposal. flat amateur musician myself, I find that music is the greatest retiring(a) prison term for all ages which is why I liked the idea of providing mountain with nigh quality of music to listen to which is easily accessible and is at moderately low price.Overall, I believe that a record label should be a viable business proposal for this assignment because like many businesses it requires marketing strategies, lay consumers and a product. A further consideration is that almost everyone listens to music (to some extent) whether it is purchased from store or galvanic pileloaded from the web and it is because of this that music is considered as one of the major immersed art form, which hints of a profitable market sector.What are Aims and Objectives?It is imperative for a business to have a basic requirement and have clear aims and accusives in send to prosper and move forward in their field. Aims and objectives are frequently use together to set/represent a certain achievement which is why they can often be mistaken to having similar meaning, however, they have a significant different to each other.Aims, to summarise, are essentially a brief statement, which majority of the time are short sentences for instance, tap profit or increase customer return. Aims are most commonly use to identify the overall target of a business, states their intentions, and what they hope to achieve in the future of the business.On a different note, objectives are more complex and to the point than aims. Objectives, unlike aims, are more detailed and can be longer depending on the objective itself. For example, if a company wanted to increase their market, they could set themselves and objective of increase employee productivity by 20%, within in the next six months. As you can see, an objective is more complex, and more detailed. Furthermore, the detail in objectives tends to be numerical expatiate such as specific dates, time frame, percentages etc. This is because objectives are a follow up of aims. An objective is set merely set to accomplish or to achieve an aim. To illustrate, if a businesss aim is to maximise profit, then they may decide to set themselves the objective of increase sales from 15.7% to 20%, within six months period. By increase the sales of the business from 15.7% to 20%, a business can ensure that they are retaining their customers and increasing their profit within six months. However, some businesses may decide to have a sub-objective to this which could be something like increase employee productivity by 2% in 30 days, to ensure that the business is getting the most out of their employees. This also builds the fact that individuals who either own the business or are in charge of the business are the ones who normally make aims. They may decide that their business should be making more profit so they pass it down to the managers who would look at it and perhaps add more detail to it, and as aims are passed down from person to person they become more detailed and complex, thus being objectives.There are a numerous reason as to why a business should set itself aims and objective, the most obvious one would be that aims and objectives sets a goal for the business and gives some a target to work for, for many businesses this is a good source of motivation. Aims and objectives can also help a business realise their progress because aims and objective provide a backdrop for achievement in which a business can compare their live or previous progress with their aims or objective and calculate what is infallible to be done in distinguish to meet those targets they have set for themselves. A controversial use of aims and objectives is to use them as a publicity device, in unit one, I had to investigate Tesco as a business and what I set up was that Tesco had use their objectives as a publicity device by having sparing objectives such as reduce carbon footprints to gain good publicity from the media and their customers.Neverthe slight, businesses have to be careful how they use or establish their aims and objectives because if they set objectives for their employees which are not applicable or achievable for the business then the business could side of meat some pitfalls. The employees may feel under-pressure/ stressful and could de-motivate them which would evidently lead to a low productivity rate and could in some circumstances affect the businesss income.S.M.A.R.T Targets hurt targets or sometimes called smart Objectives, are considered to be a sub-division of objectives, SMART targets are a method to ensure that the objectives which are set by a company are actu ally achievable by the business and the employees it is a method of measuring the credibility of an objective which has been set. SMART is an acronym that stands forSpecific objectives, which are set, need to be specific and state exactly what the business wants to achieve. The reason an objective needfully to be specific is because the manager/supervisor and the employee need to know what is evaluate of them and perhaps the time frame if that is applicable.Measurable most often, when objectives are set they need to be able to measure how much an individuals or a business have progressed towards those targets. Measuring a target is often very critical towards the success of achieving that target because by measuring a target, businesses can estimate how much work is underway and how much additional effort needs to be exerted in order to achieve certain objectives.Achievable when objectives are set, one of the major issues, which a business must realise is that the target is a chievable for the business. The business needs to think about whether they have the required skills, recourses, investments, tools, human recourses etc. If the objectives are unrealistic or not achievable by the business then (as mentioned above) it can affect the productivity of employee and de-motivate them, and low productivity would surely affect the businesses activities and profits. pictorial or relevant objectives should also be relevant to the businesses aims. For example, if a business wants to increase market share, it would be irrelevant for them to set the target eliminate competitors products from the market it would be very unrealistic. An objective needs to be relevant, they need to be something, which the business can take an action upon or have access to. well timed(p) normally, when objectives are set, they have a timescale such as increase the growth and the market share of the business by 2010. Setting timescale within an objective is beneficial as it gives a b usiness a deadline as t when the objective needs to be achieved by, so the business can move onto their other objectives, which needs to be completed towards their aims.Aims for my businessJust like any other modern businesses, my business needs to have aims and objectives, which it should be able to accomplish. Setting aims and objectives will help determine investors as well as myself the main goals of my business, and along the way, it could also help my business spot the potential target market hic hi should aim my business at in order to achieve some of businesss targets. denigrate be and increase potential profit. One of the major aims of my business would be to minimise the costs of the business, which goes into the production of the products (i.e. music record albums and singles) and therefore must be kept at a minimum range. The reason behind this is that, if I were to start the business as a sole trader, there would be a limited amount of investments, which I could have access to and since my business is a record label there arent any need of purchasing any genial of stock or manufacturing materials in the sense of hard labour. As a newly set up business, it would be most advantageous to reduce the cost of the business to reduce the chances of getting into a exchange flow problem such as over-budgeting or not having enough sales of the product where the costs would out-weigh the profit. It is because of this issue that leads to many businesses failing within the first year because they run into cash flow problem such as these however, a good cash flow analysis should be able to determine any issue such as these that may arise. As well as reducing costs, my business also needs to be considering maximising its profits because without profit there will be no business to operate. Maximising profit is a necessity for any business, because it is what influences/motivates their day-to-day operations and their employees, without profit a business would not have the funding to employ employees or rent premises or other necessities. Furthermore, another crucial reason for a good profit for a business is that if a business is backed-up by inventors then the business (Owner) needs to prove to the investors that the business is worthwhile investing in because if the business starts to show a dip in profits then the investors are going to be the first ones who will back-out from the investments because they will not to make a loss themselves. As a summary, if there is no profit, there is no business.In my businesss quest to maximise profit there could be a number of challenges/issues that could affect my business achieving the aim of Minimise costs and increase potential profit, and the following rationalizesOne of the most significant issues that my record label business would have to deal with is the nook, which was caused by the financial crisis during the year 2007 and the year 2009. The financial crisis was the reduction in the availability of loans (credit) and to some extent tightening of the condition required to obtain a loan from the banks, this evolved into the interest rates being incredibly high. The definite caused behind the credit crisis is highly doubtable, however, one reason might be that UK bought many mortgage debts from the U.S. (this might have been directly or indirectly) therefore when U.S. mortgage default rose, preponderance of the UK banks disoriented money. Because interest rates rose dramatically, many individuals in the population had to pay more for their loans and mortgages, which meant that individuals and many businesses had less disposable cash to special and consequently, many businesses engraft themselves being either bankrupt or making employees redundant to prevent bankruptcy.The reason why I believe that the break may affect my business is because many individuals are un-employed, which means that they may be on some furcate of limited income (either through counci l or jobseekers allowance). Ultimately, this would mean that many individuals would have less disposable income to spend on CDs and DVDs for personal entertainment and if my business is not selling many products, it will be in a high guess of having very high costs that could out-number the total sales of the business. This could put my business in a potential risk of being bankrupt, as you can see from fig.1, it is estimated that the recession will only get worse.In contrast, the recession may not be disastrously bad for my business. The reason behind this would be that because of the recession more people would be un-employed and have a whole lot of loose time on their hands as less people would be working nine to five shifts, this would mean that individuals would be looking for activities to pass their time. This could mean that people will be more reliant upon entrainment such as the cinemas, motion-picture shows, theatre, music etc. This could potentially excel my business because more individuals would be elicit and looking to escape from reality through the financial crisis, similarly to people who went through the Great Depression in the United States during 1929, which saw the rise of movie sales.To conclude, the recession is something that is known as an external factor, which no business has a control over. The recession could have a big impact on my business however this factor could prove to be advantageous for my business as mentioned earlier, there are a lot more people with more spare time on their hands, and as a result they will be looking for something to entertain themselves and if marketing is done correctly for the business, it will prove to be beneficial. As one can see above, heedless of the recession and the credit crisis that started in 2007, the sales of digital music increased dramatically through the years and the digital music industry is more profitable than ever in the US with industry profit of 2.9 Billion dollars, a 15% from 2004 which was only 0.4 cardinal profit being made.One of the major issues that my business will have to confront other than the recent financial crisis is the plagiarization of music through the internet.In essence, music piracy the violation of copyright infringement (copyright), this means the unofficial use of materials that is covered by the copyright law. For electronic and audio-visual media, this is normally referred to as piracy. piracy is a factor that could have the biggest impact at my businesss aim to Minimise costs and increase potential profit. As one can see in the article opposite, the BPI (British Phonographic Industry) has predicted that music piracy has risen by cardinal percent, which has cost the UK music industry twenty-six million pounds, which is a tremendous amount of load-sum. Music piracy is a factor which could directly affect my business because if my business released a single which was popular (Music make headway) then the probability is tha t a lot of customers will be reluctant to purchase the single or the album in order to save money and they would perhaps download the product through an illegal download website or through the use of torrents (which is a peer-to-peer download service provided free from the internet). This is the most likely event to occur because as mentioned previously, the recession has left a lot of people un-employed which means that they may have a very low income and have limited amount of disposable cash to spend on entertainment. Because a lot of my businesss target consumers will be getting my product (music) through the internet without pay for it, this could result in my business have a major decline in profit because although the products my business offer may be very popular amongst the target consumers but because they are not paying for the goods my business will have no way in which they can financially benefit from. Many of the bi names in the record label business like Universal Mu sic or the Sony BMG group do tend to copyright the CDs and DVDs that they manufacture and distribute, however, recent technological growth has given an regular computer user to copy field from these copyrighted disks (using free software from the internet) from a single click of a button, and if that individual uploads the content of the disk to the internet then the content of that disk will be exposed to thousands if not millions of users on the internet which is why the modern music industry is suffering from million of pounds and dollars of damage from piracy and it is very unfortunate for my business as there is no method to battle the rising issue of music piracy because if my businesss products were copyrighted, many consumers or users will be able to find a way to copy content. In addition, copyrighting thousands of disks would prove to be a very costly task and evidently, this will prevent my business in achieving my aim to Minimise costs and increase potential profit.Ho wever, not all is tenebrous, my business could tacit prevail if it turned to a more digitals means to provide the products to the customers, such means could be having free web player on the businesss website to play the hit singles free selected music downloads of popular songs and most importantly selling products through the internet. Most of these solutions would eliminate the cost of producing CDs because a lot of teenagers nowadays are using things like their mobile phones, mp3 players and devices such as the iPod for playback of their music. If the popular products of my business (songs) are being provided free from the companys own website, then the business will have more exposure from the public, which, in the end, could work out to be beneficial. As the businesss website generates more viewers, the chances are internet companies like Google YouTube Amazon etc. who will want to advertise their services on my businesss website, which the business could generate some income from as well as gaining public interest and recognition as business.Music piracy most definitely will affect my business and the corporate aim to Minimise costs and maximise potential profit. Internet nowadays is available to almost every house, office and schools/college in the country that millions of people have access too, and the internet is too big to have control over. Nevertheless, good marketing and internet advertisement may fill in the lacunae of profit that may be lost due to music piracy.Increase/ carry through good public traffic with the local community and customers. In my vox populi, good public relations with customers should be an imperative aim for abounding businesses. After all, businesses depend on their customers satisfaction and escort by which if they did not have good relationship with customers then it will be highly likely that the business will not be able to retain their customers. This issue could lead to a decline in their profit margins or worse gain an incredible amount of bad publicity or a bad reputation as a whole.A record label is not a publicly noticeable business because a record labels product is what gains notoriety as publicity rather than a business as coherent whole. This is because customers are mainly attracted to the stars and the music they make rather than the service that provides them the service. This can be beneficial or a drawback, consider which way one looks at it. From my personal perspective, it is a benefit because it means that my business will not be in the public eye and will not attract major interest if my business were have an issue, this could be a number of things like mistakes (which a lot of businesses make) or redundancy of a major band or artist etc. So in order to gain good public relations with the local community and customers will be a very laborious task to conduct.Nevertheless, with dubious tasks, there are always strategies, and my main strategy to in achieve this aim to Incre ase/attain good public relations with the local community and customers, will be to mug up youth activities and perhaps cultural events, the next page will explain this.As one can see in 4 (Next page), an extract from BBC word website, the level of youth crime has increased dramatically over the away decade in the United Kingdom. Teenage knife crime has increased so much that law enforcements had to enforce harsh laws upon teenage delinquents in order to keep crime at a minimum. The articles below states that boys from the age of eleven to eighteen are likely the ones to be carrying knifes, and are the most likely culprits in the rise of such crimes. The article also states that most of these young offenders have been excluded, dropped out of school or have already had been given time to military service under law custody. So ultimately, these are the age groups which are been targeted by the law to tackle such crimes.How does this issue help my business to achieve good customer relationship one may wonder? Well to start with, teens that have been expelled, excluded, dropped out etc. from school have nothing to do other than wonder around with friends on the streets and cause trouble to the society and the individuals in the local community. This leads me to believe that, organising local youth music activities and providing creative services such as recording facilities and musical guidance for youths free of charge may be a very beneficial factor not only for my business but also to the local community.Having to organise such events for young people will be very beneficial to a majority of people youths, local community and my business. This is because firstly, by providing youths will free services and activities will encourage them to endure off the streets and be passionate and involved in something creative for their time, and secondly, by having lees teens on the streets in the local community will prevent crime and hopefully reduce the crime rate locally, so older generation who may be intimidated by teens will feel much more safer. Personally, I believe that teens only resort to crime as a volunteer(a) activity as well as to gain attention to themselves this is only an opinion of course. However, by giving teens, facilities to be in and express themselves artistically through music may help to make a productive use of their time also, it could be a place where teens can get attention that they appetency from other like friends, other social groups or even the community.Knife sentencing not effectiveA selection of knives found by policeThe sight found young people were living in constant fear of brush upLonger jail terms are not an effective way of persuading teenagers to stop carrying knives, research suggests.Pentonville Prison governor Nicola Marfleet interviewed 14 to 17-year-olds who had either been excluded from school or were serving time in custody. She found most believed tough sentences were only meant to scar e them, and they were more likely to be tagged. The Home Office said the presidency was using a combination of deterrence and education to tackle the problem. match gangsThe study found that some boys were carrying knives from the age of 11.Ms Marfleet concluded that knife-crime prevention work must be targeted at this age group in order to be effective.She interviewed about 24 boys in focus groups at pupil referral units in Hackney and Haringey, north London, and four boys one-to-one at Feltham Young offender Institution in west LondonPossession of a knife carries a maximum jail term of four years, but most of the teenagers did not believe they would receive such a harsh punishment.Two of those interviewed said that regardless of the possible penalty, they would not stop carrying a knife because they needed one for protection.Almost all of the teenagers said they could not rely on parBusiness Plan for Record LabelBusiness Plan for Record LabelBusiness PlanningIntroduction to unit eight courseworkIn this unit, I have the opportunity to structure a business plan for a business proposal, which I will have the opportunity to create. For this segment of the assignment, I will clarify the main activities of the business, in addition to its aims and objectives. The assignment will also be focusing on the marketing and financial planning of my chosen business, notwithstanding, the operations and financial planning of the proposed business proposal. At the end of it all, I will be evaluating my business and its viability.However, to start a business I will need a business plan. A business plan is essentially a plan of a business that is to be set up this is usually a written piece of statement about the business (think of it as a blueprint). This is a useful document to have because firstly, it outlines the business itself and outlines what the business is essentially about, and secondly, it allows the owner/manager of the business to work towards the success of the business by spotting and avoiding failures.In general, a business plan will have the following statements what the business is all about (i.e. the nature of the business), the aims and objectives of the business (What they hope to achieve and expect in the future) and how the individual plans and will o about creating the business. This can be illustrated in a majority of ways however a financial planning of the first six months or perhaps even a year would be ideal or information about how the investments are to be raised for the business.A business plan is a very indispensable piece of document to have if someone is considering starting their own business, this is because a business plan outlines/predicts what the business will be like after setting up that gives a clear understanding of how the aims and objective are to be obtained as well as defining them. Furthermore, a business plan will also help to plot any pitfall along the way, i.e. a detailed cash flow of a businesss firs t six months will be able to suggest if the business will have a higher cost when compared with the profit they make, even before the business has started, and this can prevent major loss of profitability. Not only does a business plan outlines and spots major flaws in the business, but many businesses and entrepreneurs use it as a source of motivation a backdrop to compare their current performance against. Further adding more, a business plan would be beneficial to establish or to re-evaluate the businesss competitive position within the market place by conducting a thorough analysis of the competition. This would involve finding out the strengths and weaknesses of the competition and how the business can be taken advantage of.In conclusion, as mentioned above, a business plan is important for a business because it helps to clarify the vision of the business and decide whether to forge ahead with the idea. Without a business plan, it would be very difficult to convince external i nvestors to invest the business. Not only that, a business plan will also help the business determine their target market that they want to aim their product at, which is always useful to know.The Business ProposalFor my chosen business proposal, I have decided to create a music label, and have named it P.K. Media. Generally, the term Record label is something that is associated with the music industry. A Record label is a brand and a trademark, which is associated with the procedure of marketing and distributing musical recordings and music videos of their signed artists. A record label is also the company that manages the artists/bands and coordinates, manufactures, promotes and distributes their productions i.e. music/videos. Record labels are also responsible for the enforcement of copyright protection on the media that they distribute such as CDs and DVDs, so that their content (such as music), cannot be copied and sold as pirated versions of their work to the customers by othe r individuals.The business I intend to propose will primarily focus on the production and the promotion of the music of its artists/bands in the local area, the Midlands. The reason for this is that there is a much lower cost of setting up a music label for the local area as there are less promotional activities which the label would have to finance and carry out, thus reducing the start up cost of the business compared to if it was a nationwide business.The main services/products that P.K. Media will provide to its consumers and music acts are as follow* Music sold using online services such as iTunes and the business website. Some music will be available for free download as a promotional activity.* Provide live performances by its artists and bands as a secondary service.o Commissions from artist will be charged on this, depending the amount of tickets sold by the act.* Offer promotional services for unsigned artist and band acts and charge commission depending on their popularit y, music sold, the amount of record deal they receive etc.o Free promotional services will also be available for unsigned artists on the businesss website for uploading their work to display to the internet audiences.o Manufacturing CDs and DVDs will also be available for artists wishing to use for promotional use, however it is highly likely that there will be a fixed cost for this service.* Record deals will be available for artists majority of the aforementioned services will available with this, as the business will undertake the sole responsibility for the promotion, distribution, production and the sales of the artist/bands music signed to P.K. Media.* Recording facilities and personnel will be available to customers who wish to record their own music that will be mixed by a professional studio engineer. Customers will be charged on an hourly basis or perhaps special offers upon depending upon how much music they wish to record.Live performance are a good way of raising additi onal profit other than selling CDs because with live performances, My business can charge commission from the local pubs/bars to supply the live performances with beverages, as a result the pubs and bars will also get some promotion of their products and services which will benefit their businesses as well. Furthermore, the business will also be able to make profit through selling tickets for the live performances. The location of this business will be varied and may not be based in a single location, the reason being that if my business is organising the performances, then it will have to be located at the performances to manage the bands and other aspects of the performance i.e. selling the tickets. However, P.K. Media will need facilities to record the band/artists music and venues for live performances, for this it will be a necessity to have access to a recording studio and to be able to rent a venue in the local area. Having access to a studio can be done in a number of ways s uch as renting a recording studio in the local area or purchasing the equipment and setting up the recording studio at home or other location, such as a youth centre or other rented location like flats or houses. The cost of the musical equipment such as mixing boards, computers, mics, instruments, audio processing hardware and sound proofing the location can add up to a significant amount and as a new business the cost of starting up should be kept at a minimum. Ultimately, a more convenient option would be to rent a recording studio, which is pre-provided with all the equipment needed (as described above). Another issue which may arise would be that if my business had to purchase the musical equipment I would have to purchase the low-end equipment as the high-end (studio quality) equipment can cost thousands and upwards and as a small independent music label there would be limitations for the finance. In addition, the low-end equipment could also reduce the quality of the recordin g, and as a record label that will not be beneficial for the artists because consumers would not want to purchase bad quality products especially if the product is aimed at entertainment purposes. Imagine listening to ones favourite song with hissing noisiest, crackle and static noises, it would not be pleasant to listen to which is why quality of the audio is a substantial element of a record label.Reason for choice of business?The idea of a record label interested me because with a record label, there is no need to purchase stock it is a service-based business, which means that a record label does not have to manufacture or purchase anything other than to sign the artist and record CDs. A record label is basically, the intermediate service between audiences/customers and the artist. In essence, while the artist makes the product, the record label simply delivers it to the customers, almost like an intermediary.Another thing which seemed interesting is that the possibility of a sol e ownership of the business. Since a record label is a service-based business, it is not necessary to have partners (as with any other businesses). It can be set-up with a moderately low cost, which mean that there is no need to invite external investors to invest in the business and hold a percentage of shares in the business, leaving room for more creative control over the business.Personal interest is another factor that may have influenced my choice to pick a record label for a business proposal. Unqualified amateur musician myself, I find that music is the greatest past time for all ages which is why I liked the idea of providing people with good quality of music to listen to which is easily accessible and is at moderately low price.Overall, I believe that a record label should be a viable business proposal for this assignment because like many businesses it requires marketing strategies, target consumers and a product. A further consideration is that almost everyone listens to music (to some extent) whether it is purchased from store or downloaded from the web and it is because of this that music is considered as one of the major immersed art form, which hints of a profitable market sector.What are Aims and Objectives?It is imperative for a business to have a basic requirement and have clear aims and objectives in order to prosper and move forward in their field. Aims and objectives are frequently used together to set/represent a certain achievement which is why they can often be mistaken to having similar meaning, however, they have a significant different to each other.Aims, to summarise, are essentially a brief statement, which majority of the time are short sentences for instance, maximise profit or increase customer growth. Aims are most commonly use to identify the overall target of a business, states their intentions, and what they hope to achieve in the future of the business.On a different note, objectives are more complex and to the point than aims. Objectives, unlike aims, are more detailed and can be longer depending on the objective itself. For example, if a company wanted to increase their market, they could set themselves and objective of increase employee productivity by 20%, within in the next six months. As you can see, an objective is more complex, and more detailed. Furthermore, the detail in objectives tends to be numerical details such as specific dates, time frame, percentages etc. This is because objectives are a follow-up of aims. An objective is set merely set to accomplish or to achieve an aim. To illustrate, if a businesss aim is to maximise profit, then they may decide to set themselves the objective of increase sales from 15.7% to 20%, within six months period. By increasing the sales of the business from 15.7% to 20%, a business can ensure that they are retaining their customers and increasing their profit within six months. However, some businesses may decide to have a sub-objective to this which cou ld be something like increase employee productivity by 2% in 30 days, to ensure that the business is getting the most out of their employees. This also proves the fact that individuals who either own the business or are in charge of the business are the ones who normally make aims. They may decide that their business should be making more profit so they pass it down to the managers who would look at it and perhaps add more detail to it, and as aims are passed down from person to person they become more detailed and complex, thus being objectives.There are a numerous reason as to why a business should set itself aims and objective, the most obvious one would be that aims and objectives sets a goal for the business and gives some a target to work for, for many businesses this is a good source of motivation. Aims and objectives can also help a business realise their progress because aims and objective provide a backdrop for achievement in which a business can compare their current or p revious progress with their aims or objective and calculate what is required to be done in order to meet those targets they have set for themselves. A controversial use of aims and objectives is to use them as a publicity device, in unit one, I had to investigate Tesco as a business and what I found was that Tesco had use their objectives as a publicity device by having economical objectives such as reduce carbon footprints to gain good publicity from the media and their customers.Nevertheless, businesses have to be careful how they use or establish their aims and objectives because if they set objectives for their employees which are not applicable or achievable for the business then the business could face some pitfalls. The employees may feel under-pressure/ stressful and could de-motivate them which would evidently lead to a low productivity rate and could in some circumstances affect the businesss income.S.M.A.R.T TargetsSMART targets or sometimes called SMART Objectives, are c onsidered to be a sub-division of objectives, SMART targets are a method to ensure that the objectives which are set by a company are actually achievable by the business and the employees it is a method of measuring the credibility of an objective which has been set. SMART is an acronym that stands forSpecific objectives, which are set, need to be specific and state exactly what the business wants to achieve. The reason an objective needs to be specific is because the manager/supervisor and the employee need to know what is expected of them and perhaps the time frame if that is applicable.Measurable most often, when objectives are set they need to be able to measure how much an individuals or a business have progressed towards those targets. Measuring a target is often very crucial towards the success of achieving that target because by measuring a target, businesses can estimate how much work is underway and how much additional effort needs to be exerted in order to achieve cert ain objectives.Achievable when objectives are set, one of the major issues, which a business must realise is that the target is achievable for the business. The business needs to think about whether they have the required skills, recourses, investments, tools, human recourses etc. If the objectives are unrealistic or not achievable by the business then (as mentioned above) it can affect the productivity of employee and de-motivate them, and low productivity would surely affect the businesses activities and profits.Realistic or relevant objectives should also be relevant to the businesses aims. For example, if a business wants to increase market share, it would be irrelevant for them to set the target eliminate competitors products from the market it would be very unrealistic. An objective needs to be relevant, they need to be something, which the business can take an action upon or have access to.Timely normally, when objectives are set, they have a timescale such as increase the growth and the market share of the business by 2010. Setting timescale within an objective is beneficial as it gives a business a deadline as t when the objective needs to be achieved by, so the business can move onto their other objectives, which needs to be completed towards their aims.Aims for my businessJust like any other modern businesses, my business needs to have aims and objectives, which it should be able to accomplish. Setting aims and objectives will help determine investors as well as myself the main goals of my business, and along the way, it could also help my business spot the potential target market hic hi should aim my business at in order to achieve some of businesss targets.Minimise costs and increase potential profit. One of the major aims of my business would be to minimise the costs of the business, which goes into the production of the products (i.e. music albums and singles) and therefore must be kept at a minimum range. The reason behind this is that, if I were to start the business as a sole trader, there would be a limited amount of investments, which I could have access to and since my business is a record label there arent any need of purchasing any kind of stock or manufacturing materials in the sense of hard labour. As a newly set up business, it would be most advantageous to reduce the cost of the business to reduce the chances of getting into a cash flow problem such as over-budgeting or not having enough sales of the product where the costs would out-weigh the profit. It is because of this issue that leads to many businesses failing within the first year because they run into cash flow problem such as these however, a good cash flow analysis should be able to determine any issue such as these that may arise. As well as reducing costs, my business also needs to be considering maximising its profits because without profit there will be no business to operate. Maximising profit is a necessity for any business, because it is wh at influences/motivates their day-to-day operations and their employees, without profit a business would not have the funding to employ employees or rent premises or other necessities. Furthermore, another crucial reason for a good profit for a business is that if a business is backed-up by inventors then the business (Owner) needs to prove to the investors that the business is worthwhile investing in because if the business starts to show a decline in profits then the investors are going to be the first ones who will back-out from the investments because they will not to make a loss themselves. As a summary, if there is no profit, there is no business.In my businesss quest to maximise profit there could be a number of challenges/issues that could affect my business achieving the aim of Minimise costs and increase potential profit, and the following explainsOne of the most significant issues that my record label business would have to deal with is the recession, which was caused by the financial crisis during the year 2007 and the year 2009. The financial crisis was the reduction in the availability of loans (credit) and to some extent tightening of the condition required to obtain a loan from the banks, this evolved into the interest rates being incredibly high. The definite caused behind the credit crisis is highly doubtable, however, one reason might be that UK bought many mortgage debts from the U.S. (this might have been directly or indirectly) therefore when U.S. mortgage default rose, preponderance of the UK banks lost money. Because interest rates rose dramatically, many individuals in the population had to pay more for their loans and mortgages, which meant that individuals and many businesses had less disposable cash to spare and consequently, many businesses found themselves being either bankrupt or making employees redundant to prevent bankruptcy.The reason why I believe that the recession may affect my business is because many individuals are un-e mployed, which means that they may be on some sort of limited income (either through council or jobseekers allowance). Ultimately, this would mean that many individuals would have less disposable income to spend on CDs and DVDs for personal entertainment and if my business is not selling many products, it will be in a high risk of having very high costs that could out-number the total sales of the business. This could put my business in a potential risk of being bankrupt, as you can see from fig.1, it is estimated that the recession will only get worse.In contrast, the recession may not be disastrously bad for my business. The reason behind this would be that because of the recession more people would be un-employed and have a whole lot of spare time on their hands as less people would be working nine to five shifts, this would mean that individuals would be looking for activities to pass their time. This could mean that people will be more reliant upon entrainment such as the cinem as, movies, theatre, music etc. This could potentially excel my business because more individuals would be interested and looking to escape from reality through the financial crisis, similarly to people who went through the Great Depression in the United States during 1929, which saw the rise of movie sales.To conclude, the recession is something that is known as an external factor, which no business has a control over. The recession could have a big impact on my business however this factor could prove to be advantageous for my business as mentioned earlier, there are a lot more people with more spare time on their hands, and as a result they will be looking for something to entertain themselves and if marketing is done correctly for the business, it will prove to be beneficial. As one can see above, regardless of the recession and the credit crisis that started in 2007, the sales of digital music increased dramatically through the years and the digital music industry is more profi table than ever in the US with industry profit of 2.9 Billion dollars, a 15% from 2004 which was only 0.4 billion profit being made.One of the major issues that my business will have to confront other than the recent financial crisis is the piracy of music through the internet.In essence, music piracy the violation of copyright infringement (copyright), this means the unauthorised use of materials that is covered by the copyright law. For electronic and audio-visual media, this is normally referred to as piracy.Piracy is a factor that could have the biggest impact at my businesss aim to Minimise costs and increase potential profit. As one can see in the article opposite, the BPI (British Phonographic Industry) has predicted that music piracy has risen by thirty-six percent, which has cost the UK music industry twenty-six million pounds, which is a tremendous amount of load-sum. Music piracy is a factor which could directly affect my business because if my business released a single which was popular (Music hit) then the probability is that a lot of customers will be reluctant to purchase the single or the album in order to save money and they would perhaps download the product through an illegal download website or through the use of torrents (which is a peer-to-peer download service provided free from the internet). This is the most likely event to occur because as mentioned previously, the recession has left a lot of people un-employed which means that they may have a very low income and have limited amount of disposable cash to spend on entertainment. Because a lot of my businesss target consumers will be getting my product (music) through the internet without pay for it, this could result in my business have a major decline in profit because although the products my business offer may be very popular amongst the target consumers but because they are not paying for the goods my business will have no way in which they can financially benefit from. Many of th e bi names in the record label business like Universal Music or the Sony BMG group do tend to copyright the CDs and DVDs that they manufacture and distribute, however, recent technological development has given an regular computer user to copy content from these copyrighted disks (using free software from the internet) from a single click of a button, and if that individual uploads the content of the disk to the internet then the content of that disk will be exposed to thousands if not millions of users on the internet which is why the modern music industry is suffering from million of pounds and dollars of damage from piracy and it is very unfortunate for my business as there is no method to battle the rising issue of music piracy because if my businesss products were copyrighted, many consumers or users will be able to find a way to copy content. In addition, copyrighting thousands of disks would prove to be a very costly task and evidently, this will prevent my business in achiev ing my aim to Minimise costs and increase potential profit.However, not all is tenebrous, my business could still prevail if it turned to a more digitals means to provide the products to the customers, such means could be having free web player on the businesss website to play the hit singles free selected music downloads of popular songs and most importantly selling products through the internet. Most of these solutions would eliminate the cost of producing CDs because a lot of teenagers nowadays are using things like their mobile phones, mp3 players and devices such as the iPod for playback of their music. If the popular products of my business (songs) are being provided free from the companys own website, then the business will have more exposure from the public, which, in the end, could work out to be beneficial. As the businesss website generates more viewers, the chances are internet companies like Google YouTube Amazon etc. who will want to advertise their services on my busi nesss website, which the business could generate some income from as well as gaining public interest and recognition as business.Music piracy most definitely will affect my business and the corporate aim to Minimise costs and maximise potential profit. Internet nowadays is available to almost every house, office and schools/college in the country that millions of people have access too, and the internet is too big to have control over. Nevertheless, good marketing and internet advertisement may fill in the lacunae of profit that may be lost due to music piracy.Increase/attain good public relations with the local community and customers. In my opinion, good public relations with customers should be an imperative aim for abounding businesses. After all, businesses depend on their customers satisfaction and support by which if they did not have good relationship with customers then it will be highly likely that the business will not be able to retain their customers. This issue could l ead to a decline in their profit margins or worse gain an incredible amount of bad publicity or a bad reputation as a whole.A record label is not a publicly noticeable business because a record labels product is what gains notoriety as publicity rather than a business as coherent whole. This is because customers are mainly attracted to the stars and the music they make rather than the service that provides them the service. This can be beneficial or a drawback, consider which way one looks at it. From my personal perspective, it is a benefit because it means that my business will not be in the public eye and will not attract major interest if my business were have an issue, this could be a number of things like mistakes (which a lot of businesses make) or redundancy of a major band or artist etc. So in order to gain good public relations with the local community and customers will be a very laborious task to conduct.Nevertheless, with dubious tasks, there are always strategies, and my main strategy to in achieve this aim to Increase/attain good public relations with the local community and customers, will be to organise youth activities and perhaps cultural events, the next page will explain this.As one can see in 4 (Next page), an extract from BBC news website, the level of youth crime has increased dramatically over the past decade in the United Kingdom. Teenage knife crime has increased so much that law enforcements had to enforce harsh laws upon teenage delinquents in order to keep crime at a minimum. The articles below states that boys from the age of eleven to eighteen are likely the ones to be carrying knifes, and are the most likely culprits in the rise of such crimes. The article also states that most of these young offenders have been excluded, dropped out of school or have already had been given time to serve under law custody. So ultimately, these are the age groups which are been targeted by the law to tackle such crimes.How does this issue help m y business to achieve good customer relationship one may wonder? Well to start with, teens that have been expelled, excluded, dropped out etc. from school have nothing to do other than wonder around with friends on the streets and cause trouble to the society and the individuals in the local community. This leads me to believe that, organising local youth music activities and providing creative services such as recording facilities and musical guidance for youths free of charge may be a very beneficial factor not only for my business but also to the local community.Having to organise such events for young people will be very beneficial to a majority of people youths, local community and my business. This is because firstly, by providing youths will free services and activities will encourage them to stay off the streets and be passionate and involved in something creative for their time, and secondly, by having lees teens on the streets in the local community will prevent crime and hopefully reduce the crime rate locally, so older generation who may be intimidated by teens will feel much more safer. Personally, I believe that teens only resort to crime as a recreational activity as well as to gain attention to themselves this is only an opinion of course. However, by giving teens, facilities to be in and express themselves artistically through music may help to make a productive use of their time also, it could be a place where teens can get attention that they desire from other like friends, other social groups or even the community.Knife sentencing not effectiveA selection of knives found by policeThe study found young people were living in constant fear of attackLonger jail terms are not an effective way of persuading teenagers to stop carrying knives, research suggests.Pentonville Prison governor Nicola Marfleet interviewed 14 to 17-year-olds who had either been excluded from school or were serving time in custody. She found most believed tough sentences were only meant to scare them, and they were more likely to be tagged. The Home Office said the government was using a combination of deterrence and education to tackle the problem.Rival gangsThe study found that some boys were carrying knives from the age of 11.Ms Marfleet concluded that knife-crime prevention work must be targeted at this age group in order to be effective.She interviewed about 24 boys in focus groups at pupil referral units in Hackney and Haringey, north London, and four boys one-to-one at Feltham Young Offender Institution in west LondonPossession of a knife carries a maximum jail term of four years, but most of the teenagers did not believe they would receive such a harsh punishment.Two of those interviewed said that regardless of the possible penalty, they would not stop carrying a knife because they needed one for protection.Almost all of the teenagers said they could not rely on par

Problem Question on Negligence and Duty of Care

Problem Question on Negligence and Duty of C arThis question is on inattention and it involves the following duty of caution delictual financial obligation in contractual relationship duty owed by sellers and physical bodyers of a signaling to purchaser and defective design where there is no danger to health and safety.Prima facie duty of care in the police of tort arises if there is sufficient proximity between the aver wrong doer and the wronged firearmy, such that the wrong doer might reasonably expect that carelessness may cause aggrieve to the wronged party. tort legality is part of civil rectitude and deals with disputes between private parties unlike property law or contract law which form part of the criminal law. civil wrong law is to provide restitution from someone who owes a duty of care to an early(a) person and can be legally held unresistant for that spot.Negligence is the most principal(prenominal) tort in modern law and it is essentially concerned with compensating hoi polloi who have suffered damage as a result of the carelessness of others.1 Negligence concerns ruin of a legal duty, with the result that damage is caused to the admitant. Generally nonperformance protects against three different types of harm personal injury damage to property and stinting loss.2Tort law also known as the civil law of obligations establishes the circumstances in which a person whose interests have been harmed by another can be compensated through the civil courts.3 A tort is simply a wrong and tort law is the law of wrong doing or perhaps of wrongs.4 Sir Percy Winfield, proverb negligence as a unifying thread for tort law, and he defined tort law as, the breach of an obligation imposed by the law.5 This explanation aligns both tort and crime. Sir John Salmond defines tort as a, body of rules establishing specific injuries, uncoordinated by general principles.6 A more recent definition offered by Peter Birks, suggests that a tort is, the bre ach of a legal duty which affects the interests of an individual to a degree which the law regards as sufficient to sanction that individual to complain on his or her own account rather than as a representative of society as a whole.7Tort law is a collection of causes of action each made up of three main components namely, an interest protected by law, some conduct which the law sanctions and a remedy or sanction by which the interest is protected by the law.8In the famous case of Donoghue v Stevenson, Lord Atkin made a ruling which became the corner stone of modern tort law the liability for negligence, whether you style it such or treat it as in other systems as a species of culpa, is no doubt based upon a general public sentiment of moral wrongdoing for which the offender must pay. But acts or omissions which any moral code would censure cannot in a practical world be treated so as to give a right to all person injured by them to demand relief. In this way, rules of law arise which limit the range of complainants and the extent of their remedy. The rule is that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law you must not injure your neighbour, and the lawyers question who is my neighbour? receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to deflect acts or omissions which you can reasonably fore suck would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who then in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions in question. 9Lord Atkins neighbours test still remains the basis on which civil liability for negligence is measured. This test has undergone some changes but when broken down is found to consist of three elements duty, breach and damage.10The question of liability for negligently constructed buildings has always caused problems. At one time the law was that the tort of negligence did not apply to a builder of defective premises, however, it is clear from case law, that the tort of negligence applies to a builder of defective building, at least where a defect causes physical injury. See Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1991) 1 AC 398.The expression builder is used in the sense of all persons involved in the construction and sale of buildings. This includes developers, builders, sub contractors, architects, surveyors, civil engineers and local authorities.11Parliament created a limited form of protection from builders with the Defective Premises map 1972. partition 1 (1) of the Act relates alone to dwelling supports and does not apply to commercial or industrial properties. The Section imposes on builders, sub-contractors, architects and other professional persons a three part duty that the work will be make in a workmanlike manner, proper materials will be used, and the house will be fit for human habitation.12 Most importantly, the doctri ne of privity of contract does not apply and liability is strict in that fault does not have to be proved against the builder and the duty can not be excluded.13The main problem with Section 1 (1) of the Act is whether it includes it includes quality defects or is limited to ensuring that the dwelling is fit for human habitation. See Andrews v Schooling (1991) 3 All ER 723 and Bayoumi v Protim Services Limited (1996) EGCS 187.In the 1970s courts embarked on a massive extension of the builders liability in negligence. The courts created a duty of care imposed on builders and owed to foreseeable victims of their negligence.14 As the loss to an owner occupier was economic loss, the courts sidestepped the problems this presented by framing the duty in terms of not constructing a building which was a danger to the health and safety of the occupier.15 However from 1983, the courts started to back slide on the development they had created. The reason for this new development was that the c ourts frowned at allowing claims for economic loss in negligence action. The courts might also have been influenced by the rising premiums which had to be paid by anyone involved in the construction of buildings. This rise was as a result of successful actions brought under the negligence principle.16In the Scottish case of McLeod v Scottish Special Housing Association (1990) SLT 749, the proprietor of a house brought an action for damages against the former owner in respect of deterioration occurring to the steel clad exterior of the house several years after he had purchased the house. The claimant supposed that the deterioration was brought about as a result of design defect on improvement works carried out on the house on behalf of the former owners, before they sold the house. The case of the claimant was based on negligence in respect of the alleged defective design of the improvement works. The claimant further alleged that in the circumstances, it was proper to regard the s teel skin and the breakup as separate properties. The suspects argued that the claimants claim was only for economic loss as they did not portion out that these conducts had given rise to any health or safety issues to the occupant of the house or any danger to the property other than the house itself. The suspect also argued that there was no contractual term requiring that the property should meet a certain minimum standard of fitness.The mash held inter alia that the builder was liable not only for personal injuries caused by his negligence in the process of building but also for damages actually caused by such negligence to property other than negligently manufactured building, such liability not restricted to circumstances giving rise to a danger to health and safety. The Court further held that there might be circumstances in which for the purpose of the application of the relevant principle of liability, one part of a complex building might qualify to be treated as other property in relation to another element. However, the Court found in favour of the defendant because the claimant averments of fault and loss were lacking in specification.In D and F Estates Limited v Church Commissioners for England (1988) 2 ALL ER 992, a society of builders under took construction work on a block of flats and then sub contracted the plastering work. Unfortunately, the sub contractor handled the plastering work negligently. 15 years later, the plaster became loose and needed replacement. The plaintiffs who were occupying a flat in the block of flats then sued the builders seeking the cost of remedial work that has already been done and the cost of future remedial work. The House of Lords held inter alia that in the absence of a contractual relationship between the parties, the cost of repairing a defect in the social structure, which was discovered before the defect had caused personal injury or physical damage to other property, was not recoverable in negligenc e action. The cost of doing the repairs was economic loss which was not recoverable in a negligence action. The Court further held that if the plaintiff had suffered only economic damage then such a claim lay only in contract. Damage is only recoverable in tort where a defective product causes damage or injury other than to the defective product. This decision was greeted with much controversy and it led to the introduction of the idea of complex structure. If a building is regarded as a complex structure then, damage to one part of the structure caused by a hidden defect in another part, could be treated as damage to the other property.17 See Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1990) 2 All ER 908 and Nitrigin Eireann Teoranta v Inco Alloys Ltd (1992) 1 ALL ER 854.In Baxall Securities Limited v Sheard Walshaw coalition (2002) EWCA Civ 09, the court held that defective gutter was a patent defect and that if the defendant had carried out any reasonable reappraisal they would have b een able to reveal the problem. This non inspection by Baxall negated the duty of care or at least broke the chain of causation and the architect was found not to be liable.There are all interesting and land mark cases. In McLeods case the court established that the builder of a house had a duty of care and therefore was liable for any damage caused by his negligence other than negligently manufactured building. The Court also established that once liability for negligence existed, the liability was not excluded because the person or whose property has been injured purchased the defective article under a contract. In the law of tort, damages are only awarded where a defective product caused damage or injury other than to the defective product itself. This was the basis of the Courts decision in D and F Estates Limited v Church Commissioners for England. In that case, the plaster was falling off the wall and the plaintiff had only encountered economic loss. However in McLeod v Scotti sh Special Housing Association, the claimant was claiming that their building was a complex building and that the insulation was not part of the building and that it should be distinguished from other part of the building. This case is different from other cases in which a structure or part of a structure has been found to be defective without any damage actually occurring to any structure or part of a structure other than the defective part it self.Finally, in my view, I do not see how, the outer skin of a building can be distinguished from other parts of the building such as an insulation system. The claimants made the claim against the defendant as designers of the insulation system, which had been inserted in a pre existing building. The claimants alleged that the insulation had damaged other structures and that it was inappropriate in the circumstances to treat the house as one unit. The insulation was installed before the claimants bought the house and they purchased the hous e under a contract as one unit. It will be unreal and insubstantial to subdivide a house in such a way that the outer skin of the building is distinguished from other parts of the building. Usually people enter in to a contract to buy or sell a house as a unit the fact that he insulation unit or any other unit was put in place later is irrelevant, once it is in place before the contract of sale. more than over houses are built piece meal by piece meal over a period of time.BibliographyCane, P (1996) Tort Law and scotch interests, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, OxfordCane, P (1997) The Anatomy of Tort law, Hart Publishing, OxfordCooke, J (2007) Law of Tort, Eighth Edition, Pearson, HarlowDugdale, A.M, Jones, M.A (2007) Clerk and Lindsell on Torts, Second Supplement to the Nineteenth Edition, Sweet and Maxwell, capital of the United KingdomElliott, C and Quinn (2007) Tort Law, Sixth Edition, Pearson, HarlowFurmston, M (1986) The Law of Tort, Duckworth, LondonHarlow, C (20 05) Understanding Tort Law, Third Edition, Sweet and Maxwell, LondonHepple, Howarth and Matthews (2000) Tort Cases and Materials, Butterworths, LondonHowarth, D (1995) Text Book on Tort, Butterworths, LondonJones, M (2005) Text Book on Tort, Eighth Edition, Oxford University Pres, OxfordKidner, R (2006) Case Book on Torts, Oxford University Press, OxfordMurphy, J (2007) channel on Torts, 12th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford1Footnotes1 Quinn and Elliott 2007) p.162 Quinn and Elliott 2007) p.163 Harlow (2005) p.14 Harlow (2005) p.15 Harlow (2005) p.1-26 Salmond and Heuston (1992) p.14 citied in Harlow (2005) p.67 Birks (1995) citied in Murphy (2007) p.18 Cane (1997) p.19 (1932) All ER Rep110 Harlow (2005) p.4811 Cooke (2007) p.24112 See section 1 (1) Defective Premises Act 197213 Cooke (2007) p.24214 Cooke (2007) p.24315 Cooke (2007) p.24316 Cooke (2007) p.24317 Cooke (2007) p.244

Shakespere on Management Essay -- William Shakespeare Plays Essays

Shakespeare on steeringI never knew that Shakespeare had to do with management, but afterwards reading this book it made me realize the true importance of being a manager, and the way that real managers act toward their employees. I used to think that Management was just about giving orders and keeping the business on track but after reading this book I recognized that there is a lot more to management than that. Shakespeare wrote plays that were full of contradiction and ambiguity. He chose many different dramatic ways of building ambiguity into his plays. He used healthy characters, fools, and scoundrels to give his leadership different messages. The world of Management in any case has its ambiguities, and when it doesnt recognize this it fails. What managers can learn from this book is that there are people who drive home similar problems to ours and we can learn from their experience.Every book argues that without leadership, managers and businesses will fail, along with t he idea that leadership is the quality that is missing every day of real managers. Shakespeares characters demonstrated different ways that leadership could be provided. Until the sixteenth century, almost everybody believed that leaders were natural and not made. Shakespeare argued about this point of view. Some of the leaders that he created failed because they based their baron on the fact that they were born to be leaders. In Shakespeares (Peter and Waterman, 1982 75) the point that Peters is trying to make is that great leaders make meanings for their staff, which means that they provide their staff with the importance of communicating motivation. In Shakespeares Henry the fifths linguistic communication during the battle of Harfleur. They are in a war with the French, but the French has a rugged defense and Henrys troops start giving up. Henry makes a speech to them that truly gives an example of leadership. Once more unto the breach, dear friends once more Or close the wa ll(a) up with our English deadOn on, you noblest English,Whose agate line is fet from fathers of war-proofFathers that, like so many Alexanders, Have in these parts from morn til even fought And sheathed their swords for lack of argumentDishonour not your mothers directly attestThat those whom you calld fathers did beget youFor there is none of you so mean and base,That hath not noble luster in your eyes.... ...p Peters contains a warning to all managers, disagreeing that if you dont succeed in paying attention to the little people, you will fail because sooner or later, they will get you back. They have the power to stop even the greatest leaders. I think Shakespeare really believes this, it shows through his plays how he has leaders listen to people and how he gives the little people strong characters. The reason that both Shakespeare and Tom Peters give for managers to listen to the little people is not only because it is of good morals for managers to do so but also because i t is necessary in order to run a company. In Shakespeares plays the consequences of poor leadership are almost predictable heads roll, people fall on their swords, bodies fall to the stage. Although the outcome isnt as severe for most managers, many leaders still make the mistake of becoming royal leaders when thats not the role they should be playing. In Shakespeares plays, as the author plainly demonstrates, successful leadership is not the result of just being born to do it. Throughout his plays, the most successful leaders are those who earn their position and the respect of those around them.