Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essay Example

Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essay As I sit following to my sister. Natalie. she seems saddened as she tells the narrative that started her hard journey of covering with a womb-to-tomb disease. As she describes it. â€Å"At the immature age of 13. when my girlfriends were believing about an approaching 1950s-genre sock hop. I found myself in a Milwaukee back brace to handle a curvature of my spinal column called scoliosis. The brace keeps the spinal column virtually immobile. It held my caput in alliance with metal bars. clear down to a plastic cast over my hips. I wore the brace for two old ages and the childs in my school would inquire if I had been in a auto wreck. We will write a custom essay sample on Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I subsequently started high school in new Nike tennis places and the awkward metal brace. When I was a sophomore. I developed a terrible intestine redness episode which the physician idea was bacterial dysentery. It was atrocious. and small did I know that this was the start of a series of jobs that are all portion of a chronic disease. About two hebdomads subsequently. I developed painful puffiness in my right articulatio genus. It was terrible plenty to necessitate remotion of an remarkably big sum of synovial fluid. A few yearss after the right articulatio genus seemed to mend. the left articulatio genus swelled up. The same form continued for the following several old ages and the physicians said it was merely arthritis. I so developed an oculus infection called iritis in my right oculus. It was so terrible that it needed daily cortisone injections for 10 yearss. oculus beads and resting in complete darkness. For the following four old ages. I experienced terrible hip ( sacroiliac ( SI ) ) hurting that made walking hard. A pelvic X ray was taken. which showed merger in one of the SI articulations. I was tested and found positive for the HLAB27 cistron. The rheumatologist changed the diagnosing from arthritis to a unequivocal Ankylosing Spondylitis which is a debilitating. painful disease. without a remedy. that would go on to decline throughout my life and would most likely terminal with me crippled and in a wheelchair† ( Rasmussen. 2010 ) Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is a ruthless. familial disease that makes life really painful and hard for those affected by it. AS affects every bit many as 2. 4 million people in the US today. which is more than multiple induration. cystic fibrosis and Lou Gehrig’s disease combined. Scientists are presently trying to happen out what this disease is. how it is contracted. and what can be done to assist those who have AS pull off their hurting. avoid farther bodily harm and hopefully happen a remedy. Pathophysiology: Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis and an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is when the body’s natural immune system. that is supposed to contend against sources or foreign cells that enter your organic structure. misidentify its ain healthy cells as being encroachers and assail them. This can impact any portion of the organic structure or many parts of the organic structure at the same clip. In the instance of Ankylosing Spondylitis. the immune system attacks its ain cells doing arthritis of the spinal column. sacroiliac ( hip ) articulations and can do redness of the eyes. lungs. and bosom valves. It varies from intermittent episodes of back hurting that occur throughout life to a terrible chronic disease that attacks the spinal column. peripheral articulations and other organic structure variety meats. ensuing in terrible articulation and back stiffness. loss of gesture and malformation as life advancements. Signs and symptoms The get downing physical marks of AS normally start to look in late adolescence or early maturity ( ages 17-35 ) . but the symptoms can happen in younger kids or much later in life every bit good. The first symptoms of AS can include frequent hurting and stiffness in the lower dorsum and natess. and symptoms semen on bit by bit over the class of a few hebdomads or months. At first. uncomfortableness may merely be felt on one side. or alternate sides. The hurting is normally dull and diffuse. instead than localized. This hurting and stiffness is normally worse in the forenoons and during the dark. but may be improved by a warm shower or light exercising. Besides. in the early phases of AS. there may be mild febrility. loss of appetency and general uncomfortableness. Many people with AS besides experience bowel redness and iritis or uveitis ( redness of the eyes ) . About one tierce of people with AS will see redness of the oculus at least one time. Signs of iritis or uevitis are: Eye ( s ) going painful. watery. ruddy and persons may see blurred vision and sensitiveness to bright visible radiation ( Van der Linden S. 2009 ) . Changing degrees of weariness may besides ensue from the redness caused by AS. The organic structure must utilize excess energy to cover with the redness. therefore doing weariness. Mild to chair anaemia. may ensue from the redness. which can lend to an overall feeling of fatigue. In a minority of persons. the hurting does non get down in the lower dorsum. but in a peripheral articulation such as the hip. mortise joint. cubitus. articulatio genus. heel or shoulder. This hurting is normally caused by enthesitis. which is the redness of the site where a ligament or sinew attaches to cram. Inflammation and hurting in peripheral articulations is more common in juveniles with AS. This can be confounding since. without the immediate presence of back hurting. AS may look like some other signifier of arthritis. AS is more common in immature work forces than in adult females. Typically. 1 in 200 work forces have AS. whereas 1 in 500 adult females have the disease. The symptoms or form of the disease are different in adult females. Quoting Dr. Elaine Adams. â€Å"Women frequently present in a little more untypical manner so it’s even harder to do the diagnosings in adult females. For illustration. some adult females with AS have stated that their symptoms started in the cervix instead than in the lower back† ( Adams. 2010 ) . The hurting usually becomes relentless ( chronic ) . is felt on both sides. and lasts for at least three months. Over the class of months or old ages. the stiffness and hurting can distribute up the spinal column and into the cervix. Pain and tenderness spreading to the ribs. shoulder blades. hips. thighs and heels is possible every bit good. Advanced AS sick persons finally experience deficiency of spinal mobility due to spinal merger. Spinal merger occurs when harm to the joint and environing bone causes Ca to construct up which acts like a cement to maintain the castanetss from crunching together. Fusion eliminates the hurting caused by the castanetss crunching together. but creates the complication of limited flexibleness or stationariness. Diagnosis There is no direct trial to name AS. A clinical scrutiny and X-ray [ gt ; 0 ] surveies of the spinal column. are the major diagnostic tools. A drawback of X-ray diagnosing is that marks and symptoms of AS have normally been established every bit long as 8–10 old ages prior for alterations to be seen on a field movie X-ray. which means a hold of every bit long as 10 old ages before equal therapies and interventions can be introduced. Options for earlier diagnosing are tomography [ gt ; 1 ] and magnetic resonance imaging [ gt ; 2 ] ( MRI ) of the sacroiliac articulations. but the dependability of these trials is still ill-defined. Besides. MRI can be cost prohibitory ( Thomas E. 1998. pp. 343-7 ) . A physical scrutiny by a physician or rheumatologist is necessary in decently naming AS. The scrutiny would imply looking for sites of redness. and look intoing for hurting and tenderness along the dorsum. pelvic castanetss. sacroiliac articulations. thorax and heels. Other symptoms and indexs are besides taken into history. including a history of iritis or uveitis ( redness of the oculus ) . a history of GI infections ( for illustration. the presence of Crohn’s Disease or ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease ) . a household history of AS. every bit good as weariness due to the presence of redness. The Schober’s trial [ gt ; 3 ] is a utile clinical step of flexure of the lumbar spinal column performed during scrutiny. Ankylosing Spondylitis is considered a familial disease and surveies have linked AS with a familial marker called HLA-B27. However. proving positive for this marker is non a warrant that a individual will contract the disease. Approximately 90 % of AS patients carry the HLA-B27 marker but 10 % who exhibit AS disease features do non. The association between AS and HLA-B27 varies in different cultural and racial groups. 95 % of people in the Caucasic population who have AS trial HLA-B27 positive. However. merely 50 % of African American patients with AS possess HLA-B27 marker. Therefore. 5 % of Caucasians and 50 % of African Americans who have AS do non transport the HLA-B27 marker. In 2007. a collaborative attempt by an international squad of research workers in the U. K. . Australia and the United States led to the find of two cistrons. ARTS1 and IL23R [ gt ; 4 ] . that besides contribute to the cause of AS. The findings were published in the November 2007 edition of Nature Genetics. a diary that emphasizes research on the familial footing for common and complex diseases ( Brionez TF. 2008. pp. 348-91 ) . Together with HLA-B27. these two cistrons account for approximately 70 % of the overall incidence of the disease. Treatment with Medications There are many medicines available to handle AS and its symptoms. Depending on the phase of the disease and its rate of patterned advance. different medicines are recommended. Peoples respond to medicines with changing degrees of effectivity. therefore it may take clip to happen the most effectual medicine for handling person with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs ( NSAIDs ) NSAIDs are the most normally used category of medicine used in handling the redness and swelling associated with AS and therefore cut down hurting and stiffness. For illustration. Ibuprofen is a generic NSAID and is found in nonprescription hurting stand-ins such as Advil and Motrin. They normally come in tablet signifier and are taken orally. Sometimes high doses of NSAIDs are needed to keep alleviation from the symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis. This can present a job in that NSAIDs can do important side effects. particularly in the GI piece of land ( tummy. bowels. etc. ) . NSAIDs can do decrease in the protective mucous secretion in the tummy. which can do stomach annoyance. In clip. this can take to heartburn. gastritis every bit good as ulcers and even hemorrhage. Peoples can take other medicines. such as alkalizers. to neutralize or forestall the production of extra tummy acid or take drugs to assist coat and protect the tummy and aid reconstruct the lost mucous secretion. Harmonizing to Spondylitis Association of America. there is a different category of NSAIDs known as COX-2 inhibitors ( or COXIBs ) have helped some patients cut down the hazard of GI complications associated with traditional NSAID therapy. An illustration of a COXIB is Celebrex ( Celecoxib ) . which is still being used to handle spondyloarthritis. Others. such as Vioxx. were pulled from the market because of possible cardiac side effects ( SAA Medication Treatments. 2009 ) . Although NSAIDs are normally the first line of medicines used to handle Ankylosing Spondylitis. sometimes they aren’t adequate to command the symptoms. NSAIDs may merely be partly effectual or the side effects excessively terrible to go on their usage. In this instance. a physician may order one of the undermentioned medicines: Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine is one type of medicine that can be helpful to some people with this terrible disease. It is known to efficaciously command non merely hurting and joint swelling from arthritis of the little articulations. but besides the enteric lesions in inflammatory intestine disease. It comes in tablet signifier and is taken orally. Side effects are comparatively infrequent. but can include concerns. abdominal bloating. sickness and unwritten ulcers. Rarely. person being prescribed this medicine can develop bone marrow suppression. which is why it is of import to on a regular basis supervise blood counts. Methotrexate Originally developed to handle malignant neoplastic disease. this chemotherapy drug is widely used and frequently really effectual for the intervention of arthritic arthritis. When prescribed for handling Ankylosing Spondylitis. it is given in much smaller doses. Methotrexate can either be taken via a self-injectable shooting. or orally in tablet signifier. When taking amethopterin. it is besides necessary to take the vitamin folic acid in order to assist stamp down possible side effects. Oral ulcers and sickness are the most common side effects. but can be minimized by taking folic acid. Because of other possible serious side effects. the frequent monitoring of blood counts and liver trials are required. Methotrexate lowers the ability for patients to contend infection. Therefore. patients taking it should avoid contact with those who are ill. Corticosteroids Corticosteroids such as Orasone can be effectual in alleviating the redness of AS. but the side effects of long-run usage can be really terrible. Corticosteroid injections into the inflamed articulations can supply impermanent alleviation of the hurting caused by arthritis or bursitis. In cases of Achilles’ tendinitis. such injections are seldom. if of all time used because of the hazard of tearing the Achilles sinew. Besides. the utility of corticosteroid injections to alleviate the symptoms of plantar fasciitis ( list hurting ) is non clear. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha inhibitors AS patients produce excessively much of an inflammatory substance called Tumor-Necrosis-Factor alpha ( TNF-a ) . TNF-a blockers are biologic medicines that have shown great promise in handling AS by adhering the extra TNF-a. therefore cut downing redness. TNF-a blockers slow the advancement of AS in the bulk of clinical instances. assisting many patients receive a important decrease. though non riddance. of their redness and hurting. They have been shown to be extremely effectual in handling the arthritis of the articulations and the spinal arthritis associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Examples of TNF? [ gt ; 5 ] blockers are: Enbrel ( etanercept [ gt ; 6 ] ) . Remicade ( infliximab [ gt ; 7 ] ) . Humira ( adalimumab [ gt ; 8 ] ) and Simponi ( Golimumab ) . Besides the frequently high cost of over $ 600 per injection. the most serious known side consequence of the TNF blockers is the fact that these drugs increase the hazard of infections. particularly TB. Therefore. a TB trial is normally required before get downing any of the TNF therapies. Patients taking the TNF medicines are advised to restrict their exposure to others who are or may be transporting a virus ( such as a cold or grippe ) or who may hold a bacterial or fungous infection. A really rare possible complication is increased frequence of malignant neoplastic disease. particularly of the blood. such as leukaemia or of the lymphatic system as in lymphoma. ( SAA Medication Treatments. 2009 ) .

Sasha Gutierrez Essays - English-language Films, Films, Fiction

Sasha Gutierrez Essays - English-language Films, Films, Fiction Sasha Gutierrez Eng.101 Prof.Klatzkin December 16,2016 What is it that makes a person who they are? Can we attribute who we are to our environment, or genetics, or the kind of up bring we are given? Regardless of the variables it is important to establish a sense of self. Discovering who we are as a person can be somewhat of a journey beginning from childhood influences and steaming into adulthood. Asian American author Amy Tan coming into her own involved both learning from her mother as well as rebelling against her. In her story " Mother's Tongue " we see Amy come to appreciate things in her mother she originally saw as flaws and how she incorporated them into her career as a writer. On the contrary in her story "Two Kinds" we see Amy reject her mother's way of trying to shape her and awaken her desire to be her unique self. These stories illustrate two different ways that up bring affects who a person is and how they come into establish a sense of self. In the story "Mother's Tongue" we start off reading Amy Tan's view of the English language. We see that she doesn't have a traditional view on the English language. She doesn't view English language as a uniform thing. She believes in multiple "Englishes" for example the professional, scholarly English she uses in her professional life and the much less formal English she uses with her mother. When depicting conversations with her mother the conversation would appear to be improper due to, fragmented sentences because it is grammatically incorrect. Amy's mother's way of speaking not only to Amy is what is commonly referred to as "broken English". At the younger stages of her life Amy recalls feeling embarrassed of her mother's English because of the reaction she got from people. On several occasions Amy served as a sort of translator for her mother when people claimed to be unable to adequately understand her. This in turn made a younger more impressionable Amy feel the need to prove her mastery over the English language. However, Amy realized she was not doing as well academically in English classes as she did in other subjects caused by her perception of English language not being a uniform thing. For Amy the answers to her English test did not make sense because language presented so many possibilities for a fitting answer. It was not precise like other subjects such as math or science. Subjects like math or science are things Amy saw her fellow Asian students pursuing and excelling at but Amy had something to prove and also as foreshadowing for her inner rebel chose to get into writing. What an older Amy later realizes is how much her mother's form of speaking was influencing her at the time." It's my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, full of observation and imagery. That was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed things, made sense of the world. "Realizing this Amy was able to stop viewing the way she spoke to her mother and the way she spoke outside of home as two separate identities and incorporate both into the writing of her book The Joy Luck Club. What we see in this story is both Amy Tan the individual and Amy Tan the product of her environment. Amy pursued writing out of her own volition on her mission to prove that she could master the English language but Amy finding her identity as a writer and seeing the uniqueness that is the language spoken at home or amongst family is largely due to her mother's influence . On the contrary to what we see in Mother's Tongue the story "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan we don't see Amy learning about herself from her mother but establishing who she is by rebelling against her. Amy begins that story sharing her mother's enthusiasm towards the endless opportunities America presents "You could be anything you wanted in America" is what her mother believed and tried to pass on to her young daughter. Together they pursued the idea of molding Amy into some sort of child prodigy. They

Does John Stuart Mill succeed in reconciling the concept of justice Essay

Does John Stuart Mill succeed in reconciling the concept of justice with utilitarianism - Essay Example Justice that is balanced essentially relies on the properties and forms of freedom. Such properties are the associated â€Å"natures† of the theory of liberty, the driving forces, the spheres of influence, the limitations and the causes that make one either to give value to freedom or to find it objectionable. Dependence and independence reflect two different acts of any human being. However protective measures are required for existence of too much of independence such that a solution to â€Å"a condition for justice† may be obtained. The provision for human resources reflects two different principles; one that is â€Å"process-freedom† and explains the freedom of benefiting from one’s activities requiring â€Å"self ownership†, while the other principle presents the case of â€Å"shared equally† the benefits obtained. According to the modern theories of justice, utilitarianism as well as some other solutions, provided by Gauthier and Nash, necessitates the perception of a â€Å"cardinal utility† such that differences in the levels of utilities may be explained or compared. Justice has been known to be a virtue that assists the feeble against attacks from the stronger society of people. Initiation of states, laws and religions were particularly for the purpose of establishing justice in a society. Justice intends to aid the weaker section of people by protecting them and helps to strengthen those who are strong. Justice can be described as an accomplishment that is â€Å"in accordance with the laws†. It aims to benefit both the weaker and the stronger sections of people in a society by means of â€Å"just laws† with which the strong may rule (Barr & Club, 1932, pp.19-20). Justice is considered as reverential when â€Å"it values a justiciable’s situation because the justiciable values it† (Kolm, 2002, p.31). The ethical evaluation of justice and its judgment depends on a set of variables that include social and ethical values for justice (Kolm, 2002, pp.31-32). Study on Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism has been conventionally u nderstood as â€Å"most good should be done†. Although this view is in support of few philosophers like John Stuart Mill, there are several other opinions that charges to state that this principle is not attuned with what justice or fairness demands in distributing benefits to all sections of people in a society. Laws that necessitate impartiality in profits distribution â€Å"are best in the long run† and thus should be thought of without initiating maximization of benefits in certain circumstances for particular sections

Unemployment in the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Unemployment in the US - Research Paper Example The term unemployment benefits is used to refer to the partial, temporary income given to workers who lose their jobs as a result of no fault of their own, and are able and available to work (Florida Department of Revenue). The funds are aimed at improving personal welfare and social security during the given period, and unemployment, in this case, means temporary lack of work (Baicker, Goldin and Katz 228). Unemployment benefits help individuals to level expenditure when affected with loss of jobs, and give those unemployed a chance to get a new, well-matched job. It can be argued that unemployment benefits are providing a vital but often disregarded purpose by reducing the insecurity connected with modern labor markets. Because job insecurity is connected with concerns about potential economic safety, economic support during unemployment may lessen the negative effects of job insecurity on employed individuals well-being. However, unemployment benefit systems have two main drawback s: they are often costly to employers, employees, and the state; and while they reduce the hardship of unemployment, in addition, they tend to increase the underlying unemployment problem. Abuse of unemployment benefits comes in various forms that affect almost every person receiving the benefits. It also affects those that are in employment since it is taxes, which are used by the state and federal governments in order to raise the funds required to pay the said benefits. One of the causes of unemployment in the United States is the high cost of doing business; in a way, those companies and other stakeholders in the job-creation market cannot sustain a large number of employees. In this regard, businesses are not in a position to have all necessary members of staff to cater for their needs and operate various posts in different capacities. This is because all businesses are out to cut the costs of operation and the even

Answering Questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Answering Questions - Research Paper Example Since the early childhood people are involved in game activity. It starts as education and continues as entertainment. The apotheosis of game is war. In their essays Kofi Annan and Tim Bowling compare football and hockey to â€Å"serious† human activities, such as the UN and war. Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the UN in 1997-2006, compares football with the UN. Both are international activities and both have about 200 countries as participants: â€Å"as the pinnacle of the only truly global game, played in every country by every race and religion, it is one of the few phenomena as universal as the UN† (Annan 234). Annan argues that the UN should be more like football for people. He dreams of â€Å"citizens consumed by the topic of how their country could do better on the Human Development Index, or exercised about how to reduce carbon emissions or HIV infections† (Annan 234). Indeed, if people were as interested in the UN activities as they are in football, this world would be a much more pleasant place. In my opinion Annan is wrong, because he compares different things. The most important difference is that the UN suggests cooperation, and football is competition. This is the fault of all organizations of such type. They can’t sto p people from competing and fighting. The predecessor of the UN—the League of Nations—failed to prevent the Second World War, just as the UN failed to prevent the USA aggression in the Middle East. Nothing can change the human nature. That is why the UN and football are the phenomena of different orders. The Human Development Index and HIV infections are important, without doubt, but they can never be as important as game. 2. That is why I completely agree to Tim Bowling’s argument that the game of hockey is like war. It was stated above that game is the important element of culture and that war is also a game, most bloody, but most taking one. Two (or more) teams compete for

Italy: Culture and Economy

Italy: Culture and Economy Have any of you ever wanted to travel to a place filled with ancient ruins of a once mighty empire, delicious cuisine and wine, and beautiful scenery? Well, Italy is the perfect place for you! Italy is a European country with a very artistic formative country. Italy has an ancient and culture dating back from 27 BC. One of the most famous ancient ruins in Rome is the Colosseum from way back from 72-70 AD. Italys food is a big part of the Italian culture. They like to get all together and spend time with each other. Most Italian families get together every Sunday, spend time with each other and eat with each other as a family. The currency in Italy is a Euro. Euros look like colorful money. On the euro it has on silver strip on the the edge from one side. Italy is a peninsula in Southern Europe. The Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, and the Tyrrhenian surround Italy along with their neighboring countries: France, Austria, and Switzerland. The Alps go from the north of Italy all the way down the western side, while the Apennines mountains run down the center of the entire country. To the west of the Apennines were the wooded hills and many of Italys cities, and to the south were hot, dry coastlands and fertile plains where they planted olives, almonds, and figs. They own 301,230 sq km and has a population 59.83 million. Italy had an economic transformation since WWII. In the 1960s, Italy was one of the worlds best economies. Their dominant exports were: clothing, shoes, food, and wine. The industrial north was dominated by private companies, a less developed, welfare-dependent, agricultural south, and had a high number unemployment. The imports cost $389.2 billion, and   the cost of the exports was $454.6 billion. And because of the type of government they have, their official name is Republica Italiana. Italy has a very unique culture. As you know, Italians mostly speak Italian, but the population also speak English, French, and even Spanish. Their education system is separated into sections; Children learn to read and to write in a variety of subjects including maths, Italian, English, and geography. Italians also spend their time watching opera, and it has become a major tradition there. On special occasions, Italians will eat Sunday lunches, and on holidays they will usually eat lasagna, ravioli, and tiramisu. The Italians discovered the worlds best food which is pizza. Italians were the first ones to The Renaissance, and especially their art, is a big part of Italian culture. Today, you can see all these works of art in galleries across the globe; the Renaissance also encouraged trade, science, and a new way of thinking. Similar to the US, Italy has some well known holidays like Christmas and Easter. Italys religion is similar to the US as well. Like the US, Italy is mostly Christian. Both of those countries even have a high GDP. Although Italy and the US are similar, they are also different in multiple ways. For one what makes Italy such a unique and popular destination is the places you can go. Like for example, you can visit the ancient ruins of Rome like the colosseum or just go and eat a pizza and a carafe of wine in Naples. Italys population might be less than half of ours, but it has a lower crime rate, HIV/AIDS, and longer life span. Italians mostly eat three times a day. Mostly their diet is cold meat, pasta, and rice but it depends on where they live it may be different diet on where they live. As you can see, Italy has a lot in common and a lot different with the US. Overall the Italian culture focuses on food, tradition, and family. Italian culture is very unique and great to witness first hand. If you think of Italy, the first things that would come up is food/wine, famous places like Rome, Venice, and Florence, and the rich history of Italy. Italy is a place you should definitely put on your bucket list.

Internet Essay -- essays papers

Internet Speech to Motivate a. Speech title (Tip - Should have a literary quality): â€Å" The Lungs of the Earth† b. Topic (Tip - narrow and adapt to audience, see ch. 5 in text): The Amazon Forest c. Purpose Statements (See sample W.O.R.M.S. and ch. 5 in text): 1. General Purpose: To persuade my audience. 2. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to do one of these things to help preserve the Amazon Forest: write a letter, recycling, form and support a organization, or/and give financial support to preserve the Amazon Forest. 3. Central Idea (thesis): â€Å"The Amazon Forest is of Global Importance† d. Audience Analysis/Adaptations (Tip - see Chapter 4 in text; refer to student samples, answer all questions in complete sentences): 1. As you think of strategies to try to persuade this audience, what demographic variables in this class are you making a conscious effort to address? Explain. In preparing my speech, I have considered that 75% of them are between 19-23 and that they will suffer the consequences in a recent future if the amazon forest is destroyed I have also considered that nearly all my audience lives far from the amazon forest and that they maybe disinterested because they may think that the consequences of the destruction of the Amazon Forest won't affect them. Therefore I will address carefully that the consequences of the destruction of the amazon forest affects the entire world. Therefore I will address carefully this topic. 2. What does the audience already know about your topic that helps you form the appeals you will make? What new knowledge should this audience have by the end of your speech that you feel will help motivate them to do what you ask? (Tip - Answer all questi... ... However, still 65% of the Amazon forest is preserved. Therefore, not only one of us, but each one of us can still do something to help preserve what remain of the biggest biodiversity of the world, the Amazon Forest.† Bibliography (Tip - follow rules in Handbook: "Bibliography Tips," p. 27-28; three (3) credible sources minimum; attach sources): Bode, Thilo.â€Å"Greenpeace Launches Global Campaign to Save Amazon†. The Planet Ark Page. 02 of Jun. of 1999. * http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory*. Faeth, P. â€Å"Briefing on Solutions for the Amazon†. The Greenpeace Homepage.15 of Septemper of 1998. * http://www.greenpeace.org/~forests/brazil/amabrief1.html* Miller, K. and L. Tangley. 1991. Trees of Life: Saving Tropical forests and Their Biological Wealth. Beacon Press, Boston. Sizer,N.1996. The future of Rain Forests: A Global Issue.WRI, Washigton ,D.C.

How Have Other Peoples Readings Of “Translations” Helped You Essay

How Have Other Peoples Readings Of â€Å"Translations† Helped You To Understand The Contexts Of The Play In Scene 1? The first act of Friel’s play â€Å"Translations† features many different contexts ranging from the infamous potato famine to hinting at the possible forming of the present day IRA (the Donnelly twins,) and politics. One of the major contexts that also coincide with the title of the play is translation. The translation of Irish name into English name. I only realised this by reading a Canadian writers essay on language and its importance in â€Å"Translations†. Especially in relation to Owen and his take on the Irish language. Where as many Irish people, at the time, saw the English to be taking away Irelands identity by colonizing it and changing names, language etc. Owen seems to be naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and miss this. By changing place names they are not only taking away identity but also something more intimate, a part of their lifestyle. Hence when the English mistake Owens name to be Roland it seems to be Manus who is more frustrated by this whereas Owen says â€Å"Owen – Roland- what the hell. It’s only a name. It’s the same me, isn’t it.† The importance (or un-importance, depending how you want to perceive it) of names is brought up firstly at the start of the play when Manus is teaching Sarah to speak. It is important to note that the first thing Manus teaches her to say is her name, also her identity. Owens ignorance for the colonisation is shown again when he says, â€Å"my job is to translate the quaint, archaic tongue you people persist in speaking into the Kings good English.† One quote from the particular essay by the Canadian writer says † The Gaelic tongue is becoming obsolete in the wake of colonisation, Owen has boarded the ship of progress disassociating himself from his foundation.† Similar, in a sense, is Maire’s view on the English language and that it should be learnt. Maire’s view links in with another context shown in the play and that is the focus on dead languages, such as Greek and Latin and soon to be dead, Gaelic. By researching Irish history at the time the play is set, it is easier to gather an understanding for the wanting of Maire to learn English. Dr Leon Litvack’s paper on the historical and colonial context of Friel’s Translations illustrates this. Maire’s reference to Daniel O’Connel, â€Å"the disillusioned veteran who founded the catholic association,† O’Connel preached that it was necessary to learn English in order to allow Ireland to progress in a quickly modernising western world. Hence Maire wanting to learn English rather than a dead language such as Greek or Latin as this will be necessary if she is going to immigrate to the United States. One interpretation of the play is the focus on schools. Being set in an illegally run hedge school, a place where Catholics turned to for education after the penal laws were instated. The time the play is set is during a major transition period when the English are trying to get rid of hedge schools and introduce new national schools. It has been shown by statistics that half a million Irish children received illegal tuition through hedge school. This links in with the whole idea of translations, as at the new national schools, where you were forced to go to by law, the language you would be taught in would be English, no longer Gaelic. To some people This was a problem but to others like Maire, English was seen as the language of opportunity. â€Å"The old language was a barrier to modern progress† she quotes from the famous Daniel O’Connel. There is an increasing amount of tension being built up in the first act with regards to the devastating potato famine. There is a sense of dramatic irony being shown as well. Seeing as the play is set in the 1830s this is only a short time before the potato blight occurred in 1845.this disaster caused the population of Ireland to drop from eight million down to six million. It is believed that one million people died of starvation while another million were forced to immigrate to start new lives in Canada and America etc. It is obvious to the audience that the famine will occur but the characters in the play are blind to this even though the clues are all there. This is why the audience tend to sympathise for their negligence. Even when Jimmy Jack suggests to Doalty he should plant something other than potatoes, which is the correct thing to do, he just comically shrugs off the remark, â€Å"Too lazy be Jesus to wash himself and he’s lecturing me on agriculture!† Bridget also brings up the subject of the blight and its distinctive, ominous â€Å"sweet smell,† only to be aggressively dismissed by Maire. â€Å"Sweet smell! Sweet smell! Every year at this time somebody comes back with stories of the sweet smell. Sweet God, Did the potatoes ever fail in Baile Beag? Well, did they ever-ever? Never!† This is where the audience really begin to sympathise, as they know of the catastrophic effects that will soon occur. Although Friel has not written the play from a biased or political point of view it is still possible to find the idea of the modern day IRA being formed in this play. This becomes more noticeable as the play progresses. Although it is still possible to get an idea of this from Doaltys seemingly harmless antics with the British soldiers and his constant dodging of questions involving the Donnelly twins. Manus â€Å"aren’t they at home?† Doalty â€Å"No.† Manus â€Å"Where are they then?† Doalty â€Å"How would I know?† Even the stage directions in this particular section lead us to believe something suspicious is going on, Doalty begins whistling through his teeth. Suddenly the atmosphere is silent and alert. To be able to understand that this may be about the IRA, background reading about the times the play is set and when the play was written (the 1970s, a time of great trouble and political unrest in Northern Ireland.) is necessary. The 1970s were a time when tension between Northern Ireland and England was at a peak. This also was around the time of the infamous â€Å"Bloody Sunday†. So it is possible that Friel may have tried to incur some of this in to the play. Although Seamus Deane says â€Å"Translations† is a â€Å"sequence of events in history which are transformed by his writing into a parable of events in the present day.† The play has also been described as an enlightening metaphor for the situation in Northern Ireland. The many contexts featured in the play are extremely important as they add a framework or shell to the play allowing it to go in many directions. Although it features so many different contexts Friel is quoted to say that â€Å"Translations† is â€Å"to do with language and only language.† Therefore not historical contexts. To become more familiar with the play and its many contexts background reading and the reading of other people’s interpretations are essential. By reading theses criticisms I have become more aware at how Friel has made the play so effective by setting it in the specific era. By doing this it makes it easier for the audience to see how the recent condition of Ireland spiralled way out of control originating in the mid 1800s. It also gives greater depth to the tragedy that will eventually befall and that the audience know the tragedy is coming but not on so many levels. Overall it is essential to at least to some form of background reading in order to understand the play to a higher level.

Free Essays on Born Dead

Born Dead Nancyjo Mann was scheduled to have a saline injection method of abortion, which was developed in Nazi concentration camps (â€Å"Abortion Methods† ). To start the abortion, Dr. Paulino Fong inserted a large needle into Nancyjo Mann’s abdomen to withdraw 60 cc's of amniotic fluid, and then he replaced it with 200 cc's of saline solution. This process terrified Nancyjo and her six month old unborn baby. Her baby began thrashing about in her womb when the saline began to burn its skin, eyes, and throat, choking the baby and making it sick. The baby’s wonderful little home had become an agonizing death trap from which it could not escape. While Nancyjo’s baby was dying, she prayed for forgiveness. Nancyjo cried as she talked to her baby, telling it the pain would be over soon. To this day, Nancyjo can still feel the baby’s last kick on her left side when, having no strength left, the baby gave up and died. Nancyjo was relieved her baby’s pain was finally over, but she was never the same again. In killing her baby, Nancyjo also killed a part of herself. On October 31, 1974, at 5:30 a.m., Nancyjo delivered a baby girl who weighed a pound and a half, and was over a foot long with her legs extended. She had a head of hair, and her eyes had begun to open. She had tiny hands and feet, with fingernails and tiny swirls of fingerprints. She was a perfect, tiny human being, but the most striking feature of Nancyjo’s daughter, who was twisted with agony, silent and still, was the fact she was dead (Reardon xiii-xvii). Nancyjo Mann is only one of the over 43, 358, 592 women who have obtained an abortion since its legalization in 1973, and the number is still rising today (â€Å"Abortion in the United States† 1). With this number rising steadily everyday, it is imperative to look at the way abortion affects the women who receive them, and the future children they may have. Abortion causes child abuse, post aborti... Free Essays on Born Dead Free Essays on Born Dead Born Dead Nancyjo Mann was scheduled to have a saline injection method of abortion, which was developed in Nazi concentration camps (â€Å"Abortion Methods† ). To start the abortion, Dr. Paulino Fong inserted a large needle into Nancyjo Mann’s abdomen to withdraw 60 cc's of amniotic fluid, and then he replaced it with 200 cc's of saline solution. This process terrified Nancyjo and her six month old unborn baby. Her baby began thrashing about in her womb when the saline began to burn its skin, eyes, and throat, choking the baby and making it sick. The baby’s wonderful little home had become an agonizing death trap from which it could not escape. While Nancyjo’s baby was dying, she prayed for forgiveness. Nancyjo cried as she talked to her baby, telling it the pain would be over soon. To this day, Nancyjo can still feel the baby’s last kick on her left side when, having no strength left, the baby gave up and died. Nancyjo was relieved her baby’s pain was finally over, but she was never the same again. In killing her baby, Nancyjo also killed a part of herself. On October 31, 1974, at 5:30 a.m., Nancyjo delivered a baby girl who weighed a pound and a half, and was over a foot long with her legs extended. She had a head of hair, and her eyes had begun to open. She had tiny hands and feet, with fingernails and tiny swirls of fingerprints. She was a perfect, tiny human being, but the most striking feature of Nancyjo’s daughter, who was twisted with agony, silent and still, was the fact she was dead (Reardon xiii-xvii). Nancyjo Mann is only one of the over 43, 358, 592 women who have obtained an abortion since its legalization in 1973, and the number is still rising today (â€Å"Abortion in the United States† 1). With this number rising steadily everyday, it is imperative to look at the way abortion affects the women who receive them, and the future children they may have. Abortion causes child abuse, post aborti...

One of the most difficult words to translate... - Krystian Aparta Essa

One of the most difficult words to translate... - Krystian Aparta Essa Which is the hardest word to translate in this sentence? "Know" is easy to translate. "Pep rally" doesn't have a direct analog in a lot of languages and cultures, but can be approximated. But the hardest word there is actually one of the smallest: "you." As simple as it seems, it's often impossible to accurately translate "you" without knowing a lot more about the situation where it's being said. To start with, how familiar are you with the person you're talking to? Many cultures have different levels of formality. A close friend, someone much older or much younger, a stranger, a boss. These all may be slightly different "you's." In many languages, the pronoun reflects these differences through what's known as the T-V distinction. In French, for example, you would say "tu" when talking to your friend at school, but "vous" when addressing your teacher. Even English once had something similar. Remember the old-timey "thou?" Ironically, it was actually the informal pronoun for people you're close with, while "you" was the formal and polite version. That distinction was lost when the English decided to just be polite all the time. But the difficulty in translating "you" doesn't end there. In languages like Hausa or Korana, the "you" form depends on the listener's gender. In many more, it depends on whether they are one or many, such as with German "Du" or "ihr." Even in English, some dialects use words like "y'all" or "youse" the same way. Some plural forms, like the French "vous" and Russian "" are also used for a single person to show that the addressee is that much more important, much like the royal "we." And a few languages even have a specific form for addressing exactly two people, like Slovenian "vidva." If that wasn't complicated enough, formality, number, and gender can all come into play at the same time. In Spanish, "tu" is unisex informal singular, "usted" is unisex formal singular, "vosotros" is masculine informal plural, "vosotras" is feminine informal plural, and "ustedes" is the unisex formal plural. Phew! After all that, it may come as a relief that some languages often leave out the second person pronoun. In languages like Romanian and Portuguese, the pronoun can be dropped from sentences because it's clearly implied by the way the verbs are conjugated. And in languages like Korean, Thai, and Chinese, pronouns can be dropped without any grammatical hints. Speakers often would rather have the listener guess the pronoun from context than use the wrong one and risk being seen as rude. So if you're ever working as a translator and come across this sentence without any context: "You and you, no, not you, you, your job is to translate 'you' for yourselves" ... Well, good luck. And to the volunteer community who will be translating this video into multiple languages: Sorry about that!

Problem Solving Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem Solving Activities - Essay Example ESPN is the largest source of money for Disney and  is believed to be the worlds most valuable media asset. According to www.forbes.com , the company is worth more than $40 billion as of 2012. Therefore one may beg to ask where all this money for ESPN comes from. According to bloomberg.com, the companys revenue hit a $9 billion in 2012 above any other cable network in the world and was projected to hit $11 billion as of the end of 2013 due to increased subscriber charges. Apart from being a sports channel, the company also broadcasts news relating to sporting events and its websites gives fixtures for the next sporting events. This ensures that its customers do not miss scheduled sporting events. One of the major sources for ESPNs money is the customer subscriptions. This is executed worldwide where the moment cable TV customers access the channel, the provider gets revenue which is paid by the customer. For example, many DSTV subscribers are able to watch ESPN at different channels through customer subscriptions, the company gets substantial revenue which enables it manage its day to day operations. Monthly subscriptions make up the largest source of revenue for ESPN standing at almost 60% of the total revenue for the company. In 2012, the company charged the cable TVs the largest amount of money per subscriber regardless of whether the subscriber watched the channel or not. At 4.6 dollars per subscriber, it was the highest in US and the charges continued to increase by up to 17.9% in 2013 meaning that the money generated will continue to increase for 2013. The other source of money for ESPN comes from advertising. In advertising, the company has up to three avenues for making advertising money. These are digital advertising, magazine advertising and television advertising. Of these, television advertising is expected to net up to $4 billion in 2013 the largest share, followed by digital adverts at 700

Fashion industry management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fashion industry management - Essay Example According to the research findings it can therefore be comprehended that the fashion industry is fast moving and extremely trendy. Working in a fashion company requires one to keep up with fashion trends and to be open about adapting with fashion services and products. An advantage in working with a fashion company is that there is no need to get tied up with a single product for a long time because it is possible to change offerings on a frequent basis. Such circumstances create the necessity to remain open about new fashions and trends. It is beneficial to establish link with fashion professionals such as models, socialites, trend setters, stylists and designers. This helps a great deal in establishing good relations with manufacturers and distributors of fashion products, but the specific relationship depends upon the kind of business that is being considered. It is important for fashion companies to organize fashion shows to attract attention to the business, in addition to hirin g publicists and event planners to make the events successful. In view of the extensive competition in the fashion industry it is better to keep finding new ways to reduce costs. Pricing policy should be adopted whereby the consumer gets value for his money. In addition to complying with these processes, one must keep a close tab on the budget as provided for in the business plans. Fashion is a wide term that includes products or markets characteristically encompassing elements of style that tend to be short lived. Fashion markets mostly exhibit certain characteristics such as short life cycles, high volatility, low predictability and high impulsive purchases. Fashion products are typically transient because they are designed for capturing the mood of people during any given period. Therefore, the period in which a fashion product is sold will mostly be ephemeral; a few months or weeks. The demand for fashion products are seldom stable and are prone to be impacted by the vagaries of weather or the actions of sports personalities or pop stars. It is extremely difficult to forecast the demand of fashion products because of the given unpredictability. Most purchase decisions for fashion products are made on impulse at the points of sale because consumers are motivated to buy the product only after seeing what varieties and items are available. The fashion industry is also known as the Rag Trade because the involvement of designer clothes and high fashion creates difficult and competitive market conditions. The business environment is characterized with constant change as fashions and trends keep coming and going. The working of a fashion company can be bifurcated into four distinct sections; retailing, wholesaling, manufacturing and designing. But all these functions complement each other, which clearly reveal that the industry is more about information than just clothing and design. In this industry, people are required to make a place for themselves in a social environment and to associate with specific social groups. It is recognized that fashion products are a means of communication and make statements about the individual wearing them, in identifying him or her with a specific group. Changing fashions demonstrate the working of a dynamic system and such changes are irregular and vary with circumstances. There are times when people in the industry experience a literal chaos in terms of the mixture of fashions that may exist at one time and then suddenly a new emergent style replaces them, thus making it imperative for the fashion company to change its strategies and goals. Under these circumstances, I realized that it is better to ignore